List of social bookmarking websites From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Notes and references [edit] Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technology – an Australian snapshot What is Distributed Ledger Technology? Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) is a bundle of technologies that are associated with advancing the concept of the distributed ledger into our world. A distributed ledger is a shared ledger that consists of synchronised data spread across multiple computer sites. The ledger works through the interconnectivity of both data and users. What is Blockchain? Blockchain is a system that utilises DLT in such a way that mitigates the security issues that DLT creates. More information on Blockchain and DLT, is available in our articles “Have you thought about Blockchain or DLT?” Developments in Australia Data61 Report The CSIRO’s Specialist Data61 unit has recently released two reports looking at the ways in which blockchain technology (and DLT more broadly) could dominate the commercial world in the coming years.[3] The second Data61 Report consists of case studies in remittance payments, open data registries and agricultural supply chains. Other Developments
The Market for “Tokens” – Token Capital Market A new asset class Initial Coin Offering, Token Sale or Token Generation Event are different formulas representing the same phenomenon: Tokenization of the economy. The practices are still trivial since we are in the early days of the Blockchain Revolution. If lawyers and regulators are already working on building a healthy legal framework for the Blockchain, it is not the case for Finance and Economics. A Token is a digital asset that uses a peer-to-peer system called Blockchain and whose ownership is attached to PPK public keys. Blockchain allows to cryptographically represent any kind of asset. -Real assets: Right to access to a good or serviceFinancial security (Equity, Bonds, Derivatives)Real Estate -Non conventional assets: Voting rightRight to participate in a decentralized networkHybrid right (access to a service linked to a participation) Token, also known as cryptocurrency, is a medium of exchange inside an ecosystem, each Token owns the following characteristics:
Bitcoin as the first anti-fragile economical entity Companies are an extremely fragile and delicate object. Most of them do not survive their five year anniversary, and less than one tenth of one percent reach the age of 50. That means that 99.9% of companies get dissolved before they are 50 years old. 99.9% disintegrate during your professional career. Moreover, companies are fragile because they break down in the first sound of trouble or chaos. On the other hand, cities are extremely resilient. So why are cities so resilient while corporations so fragile? A corporation, on the other hand, is a hierarchical structure, tree-like in nature, with a centralized ownership and a centralized management. Bitcoin (and other blockchain-based assets) is essentially a decentralized network for producing trust where none exists, and as such it also possesses the highly resilient nature of other large-scale distributed networks like cities. We can think of Bitcoin as a constant dare to the hackers of the world to try and break it. Why world peace?
A Visualization for the Future of Blockchain Consensus Introduction to Correct-by-Construction (CBC) Casper The correct-by-construction design philosophy follows these steps: lay out an abstract (mathematical) framework for the thing that you want to create;prove that all instances of things following that framework have certain desirable properties (i.e. prove it is correct);create a concrete thing, matching your use case, within that proven correct framework. The main advantage of this approach is being certain the outcome has the properties you need. Moreover, working in an abstract setting means that steps 1 and 2 can actually solve many problems at once if they have sufficient similarities. Much of the work for the first two steps of the CBC process have already been done for the case of a distributed, asynchronous, trustless consensus algorithm (details have been uploaded to GitHub). One of the properties this framework has is “consensus safety.”
A Simple Visual Proof of a Powerful Idea A recent advance in geometry makes heavy use of Ramsey’s theorem, an important idea in another field — graph theory. Ramsey’s theorem states that in any graph where all points are connected by either red lines or blue lines, you’re guaranteed to have a large subset of the graph that is completely uniform — that is, either all red or all blue. Equivalently, you can go the other way: Pick how big you want your uniform subset to be. It’s not obvious why this is true. I put this question to Jonathan Jedwab, a mathematician at Simon Fraser University in British Columbia. Let’s take a simple case where you’re looking for a subset of at least three lines that are completely uniform. Start with six points representing six people at a party. A proof of Ramsey’s theorem would mean showing that no matter how you connect the people, you’re guaranteed to end up with a triangle (a uniform subset with three lines) that is either all blue or all red.
After eight months, an update on the Blockchain Alliance The Blockchain Alliance was announced last October. Since then it has grown from about 20 to over 50 members, including digital currency companies, law enforcement groups, and regulatory bodies from all over the world. But what has it been up to? Last October, Coin Center and the Chamber of Digital Commerce announced that they had teamed up with our firm, Steptoe & Johnson LLP, to create the Blockchain Alliance, a coalition of industry members and government agencies focused on improving dialogue and engagement between the private and public sectors on digital currencies and blockchain technology. The basic idea is that by educating law enforcement directly about this technology, we can reduce their fear or anxiety about it, and make them less likely to overreact to it. That’s what happened in the early days of the Internet—the nascent commercial Internet was used primarily by criminals and pornographers. So what have we been doing to further these goals?
Hash function Mapping arbitrary data to fixed-size values Hash functions and their associated hash tables are used in data storage and retrieval applications to access data in a small and nearly constant time per retrieval. They require an amount of storage space only fractionally greater than the total space required for the data or records themselves. Hashing is a computationally and storage space-efficient form of data access that avoids the non-constant access time of ordered and unordered lists and structured trees, and the often exponential storage requirements of direct access of state spaces of large or variable-length keys. Use of hash functions relies on statistical properties of key and function interaction: worst-case behaviour is intolerably bad but rare, and average-case behaviour can be nearly optimal (minimal collision).[3]: 527 Overview[edit] A hash function may be considered to perform three functions: Hash tables[edit] Specialized uses[edit] Properties[edit] Uniformity[edit] where: . . . .
What is Power Ledger (POWR)? A beginner's guide in 360 words. POWR is the tradable token coming from Power Ledger, a blockchain venture that is democratizing renewable energy. What is Power Ledger? Power Ledger enables peer-to-peer energy trading. If your house has solar panels, their platform lets you sell your excess energy to your neighbors, and get paid as soon as your power hits their home. You won’t have to deal with billing them every 60 days like a traditional energy company — chances are, you’ll have no idea who the buyer even is. Hello, passive income. Power Ledger is all about getting the public involved in driving renewable energy growth, so as an added bonus, their token holders get to invest in wind, solar, and battery farm development projects. It’s like if Uber and Kickstarter had a baby, and that baby is saving the planet. Why was it created? Today, households with solar panels can sell their excess energy to a utility company, which then sells it to others at a profit. So the seller is losing money. Where does POWR get its value?
Secret Link Uncovered Between Pure Math and Physics “To get effective results on rational points, it definitely has the feeling that there’d have to be a new idea,” said Ellenberg. At present, there are two main proposals for what that new idea could be. One comes from the Japanese mathematician Shinichi Mochizuki, who in 2012 posted hundreds of pages of elaborate, novel mathematics to his faculty webpage at Kyoto University. Five years later, that work remains largely inscrutable. The other new idea comes from Kim, who has tried to think about rational numbers in an expanded numerical setting where hidden patterns between them start to come into view. Mathematicians often say that the more symmetric an object is, the easier it is to study. To see how symmetry helps a mathematician navigate a problem, picture a circle. Imagine you’ve found all the rational points on the southern half of the circle. Beginning in the 1940s, mathematicians began to explore ways of situating Diophantine equations in settings with more symmetry.