Psilocybin mushroom Psilocybin mushrooms, also known as psychedelic mushrooms, are mushrooms that contain the psychedelic drugs psilocybin and psilocin. Common colloquial terms include magic mushrooms and shrooms.[1] Biological genera containing psilocybin mushrooms include Copelandia, Galerina, Gymnopilus, Inocybe, Mycena, Panaeolus, Pholiotina, Pluteus, and Psilocybe. About 40 species are found in the genus Psilocybe. Psilocybe cubensis is the most common psilocybin mushroom in subtropical areas and the black market. Psilocybin mushrooms have likely been used since prehistoric times and may have been depicted in rock art. History[edit] Early[edit] Archaeological evidence indicates the use of psilocybin-containing mushrooms in ancient times. Hallucinogenic species of the psilocybe genus have a history of use among the native peoples of Mesoamerica for religious communion, divination, and healing, from pre-Columbian times to the present day. Modern[edit] Occurrence[edit] Effects[edit] Sensory[edit]
The Blog : Drugs and the Meaning of Life (Photo by JB Banks) (Note 6/4/2014: I have revised this 2011 essay and added an audio version.—SH) Everything we do is for the purpose of altering consciousness. Drugs are another means toward this end. One of the great responsibilities we have as a society is to educate ourselves, along with the next generation, about which substances are worth ingesting and for what purpose and which are not. However, we should not be too quick to feel nostalgia for the counterculture of the 1960s. Drug abuse and addiction are real problems, of course, the remedy for which is education and medical treatment, not incarceration. I discuss issues of drug policy in some detail in my first book, The End of Faith, and my thinking on the subject has not changed. I have two daughters who will one day take drugs. This is not to say that everyone should take psychedelics. There is no getting around the role of luck here. Huxley was operating under the assumption that psychedelics decrease brain activity.
Psilocybin Psilocybin[nb 1] (/ˌsɪləˈsaɪbɪn/ SIL-ə-SY-bin) is a naturally occurring psychedelic compound produced by more than 200 species of mushrooms, collectively known as psilocybin mushrooms. The most potent are members of the genus Psilocybe, such as P. azurescens, P. semilanceata, and P. cyanescens, but psilocybin has also been isolated from about a dozen other genera. As a prodrug, psilocybin is quickly converted by the body to psilocin, which has mind-altering effects similar (in some aspects) to those of LSD, mescaline, and DMT. In general, the effects include euphoria, visual and mental hallucinations, changes in perception, a distorted sense of time, and spiritual experiences, and can include possible adverse reactions such as nausea and panic attacks. History[edit] Early[edit] Modern[edit] Albert Hofmann (shown here in 1993) purified psilocybin and psilocin from Psilocybe mexicana in the late 1950s. Occurrence[edit]
Mushroom Info Our complete collection of psychedelic mushrooms information. Documents about experiencing shrooms safely and a great introduction to the Shroomery. An Introduction A document to welcome newcomers to the Shroomery and let them in on what's going on. Psilocin Psilocin (also known as 4-OH-DMT, psilocine, psilocyn, or psilotsin), is a substituted tryptamine alkaloid and a serotonergic psychedelic substance. It is present in most psychedelic mushrooms together with its phosphorylated counterpart psilocybin. Psilocin is a Schedule I drug under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances.[2] The mind-altering effects of psilocin are highly variable and subjective and resemble those of LSD and DMT. Chemistry[edit] Psilocin and its phosphorylated cousin, psilocybin, were first isolated and named in 1958 by Swiss chemist Albert Hofmann. Psilocin is relatively unstable in solution due to its phenolic hydroxy (-OH) group. Structural analogs[edit] Sulphur analogs are known with a benzothienyl replacement[4] as well as 4-SH-DMT.[5] N1-methylpsilocin is a functionally 5-HT2C receptor preferring agonists.[6] 4-fluoro-N,N-dimethyltryptamine is known.[6] O-Acetylpsilocin is an acetylized analog of psilocin, also known as 4-AcO-DMT. Pharmacology[edit]
Online Books : "TIHKAL" - #18 4-HO-DMT SYNTHESIS : To a solution of 0.50 g 4-acetoxyindole (see preparation in the recipe for 4-HO-DET) in 4 mL Et2O, that was stirred and cooled with an external ice bath, there was added, dropwise, a solution of 0.5 mL oxalyl chloride in 3 mL anhydrous Et2O. Stirring was continued for 0.5 h and the intermediate indoleglyoxylchloride separated as a yellow crystalline solid but it was not isolated. There was then added, dropwise, a 40% solution of dimethylamine in Et2O until the pH came to 8-9. The reaction was then quenched by the addition of 100 mL CHCl3, and the organic phase was washed with 30 mL of 5% NaHSO4 solution, with 30 mL of saturated NaHCO3, and finally with 30 mL of saturated brine. A suspension of 0.38 g LAH in 10 mL anhydrous THF was held in an inert atmosphere and vigorously stirred. Most of the early syntheses of psilocin and psilocybin employ the O-benzyl ether as a protecting group. DOSAGE : 10 - 20 mg, orally (as the indolol, the acetate or the phosphate) Another aside.
Psilocybin Psilocybin is Schedule I in the United States. This means it is illegal to manufacture, buy, possess, or distribute without a DEA license. Not available by prescription. Fresh and dried psilocybin mushrooms are considered containers of Psilocybin, making them illegal to possess as well. Addictive Potential: None Emergency Room Visits Yearly: Unknown Mandatory Minimum Sentence: Unknown Mechanism of Action: agonist of the serotonin receptors primarily at 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C Overview: Psilocybin is also known as 4-phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine. Mushrooms containing psilocybin and psilocin are available fresh or dried and are typically taken orally. Pharmacology: Trip Reports: Side Effects and Adverse Reactions: Psilocybin and psilocin can produce muscle relaxation or weakness, ataxia, excessive pupil dilation, nausea, stomach pain, vomiting, and drowsiness. Articles: Research: E-books: Recommended In-Print Books: Other Informational Resources: Psilocybin: Investigator’s Brochure
Psilocin Psilocin is Schedule I in the United States. This means it is illegal to manufacture, buy, possess, or distribute without a DEA license. Not available by prescription. Addictive Potential: None Emergency Room Visits Yearly: Unknown Mandatory Minimum Sentence: Unknown Mechanism of Action: Agonist of the serotonin receptors, at 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C, among others (see a more detailed discussion below) Overview: Psilocin is also known as 4-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine and 4-HO-DMT. Mushrooms containing psilocybin and/or psilocin are available fresh or dried and are typically taken orally. Pharmacology: The graph below (Ray, 2010) shows the affinity of psilocin for forty-two receptors, arranged in order of decreasing affinity (click the image to enlarge). As explained by Ray (2010), “The black vertical bar represents a 100-fold drop in affinity relative to the receptor with the highest affinity. Side Effects and Adverse Reactions: Research: Other Informational Resources:
Dr. Albert Hofmann | Psilocybin | Psilocin Dr. Albert Hofmann, the brilliant Swiss chemist, philosopher, author, and retired Director of the Pharmaceutical-Chemical Research Laboratories of Sandoz Ltd., Basel, is best known for fathering his "problem child," LSD, on April 19, 1943. Thirteen years later, a brief article in a local paper caught his eye. The article stated that a researcher from America had traveled to southern Mexico and participated in a native ritual where mushrooms were consumed that produced strange visions. A year later Dr. Dr. In 1956, Moore, who was in reality a CIA operative specializing in the synthesis of psychoactive and chemical weapons for the CIA, offered R. Above: Molecular structures of LSD and psilocybin, written by Dr. Fortunately, Moore's efforts were unsuccessful and the honor, deservedly, went to Dr. Figure 1. Dr. Figure 2. Figure 3. Interestingly, in 1962 Dr. Now in his 90s, Dr. Above: Dr. Figure 4a. Figure 4b. Figure 5. Figure 6. Figure 7. Required Reading Aboul-Enein, H.
Disregard Everything I Say - Psilocin (mushrooms), broken down and described Onset : 60 - 120 minutesDuration : 2 - 6 hoursNormal After Effects : up to 8 hours Threshold : .25 - 1 gLight : 1 - 2.5 gCommon : 2.5 - 3.5 gStrong : 3.5 - 5 gHeavy : 5 g + (Mushrooms) Psilocin is a naturally occurring tryptamine psychedelic found within approximately 190 separate species of mushroom and growing on every continent across the planet. Psychedelic mushrooms have been in use since before recorded human history with their depiction being found on cave art and famously used by the native people of Mesoamerica for religious and shamanic purposes. There are two separate chemicals found within mushrooms in roughly equal amounts. They are both classed as substituted tryptamine alkaloids and serotonergic psychedelic drugs, but it’s important to note that only psilocin is directly active. Physical Effects: The physical effects of Psilocin can be broken down into two components all of which progressively intensify proportional to dosage. Cognitive Effects: Visual Effects: Enhancements