Introduction to Actions · Actions. Getting Started with Actions Actions is a beautiful, feature-rich task manager made to help you get your work done effectively. It’s built around three sections – Logbook, Schedule, and Lists – that organize your tasks without overloading you with filters, groups, projects and labels. Moleskine Actions is available on iOS, Android and web with a one week free trial. Tasks created in Actions are called Action Cards – small, editable bits of information that contain things like titles, due dates, and reminders.
These Cards can be utilized across Logbook, Schedule, and Lists, each their own unique but compatible piece of Actions. In Schedule, you’ll get an overview of what you have to do and when you have to do it. Centered around your upcoming week, Schedule categorizes your Action Cards by date while always focusing on the time that really matters: today. Lists are for organizing Action Cards under specific groups – think “work,” “school,” or “shopping list.” FreeSSL, certificat SSL gratuit powered by Symantec. PRISM - Where do we go from here? | www.alexanderhanff.com. In light of the shocking revelations regarding the United States surveillance machine (the National Security Agency) and their PRISM initiative - one has to ask how do we move forward? As you can see from my previous blog post, I have personally written to President Barroso of the European Commission asking that the Commission immediately revoke the Safe Harbour status of the United States, ban all US companies from EU markets until such time as the US Government acknowledge and uphold the fundamental and constitutional rights of European citizens and begin a formal investigation into the allegations that the UK Government's signals analysis agency GCHQ used PRISM to circumvent the legal processes in place governing the acquisition and interception of citizens' communications.
People have already started to ask me to recommend some alternatives to the popular services we use online, to be honest there aren't very many. For the above reasons, I once again turn my old friends at Ixquick. 'Uncrackable' codes set for step up. 4 September 2013Last updated at 13:09 ET By Melissa Hogenboom Science reporter, BBC News Quantum cryptography is a way to share secret digital keys A system that allows electronic messages to be sent with complete secrecy could be on the verge of expanding beyond niche applications. A team of British scientists has discovered a way to build communications networks with quantum cryptography at a larger scale than ever before. Quantum cryptography has the potential to transform the way sensitive data is protected.
Details appear in Nature journal. The system is based on a communication system, where information is carried by individual photons - single particles of light. Once these single photons of light are observed, they change. Continue reading the main story Quantum key distribution Secret communication The team says they have now extended the way to send uncrackable codes - referred to as "quantum key distribution" (QKD) - beyond very niche applications. Mobile cryptography. Transport Layer Security. Transport Layer Security (TLS) and its predecessor, Secure Sockets Layer (SSL), are cryptographic protocols designed to provide communications security over a computer network.[1] They use X.509 certificates and hence asymmetric cryptography to authenticate the counterparty with whom they are communicating,[2] and to exchange a symmetric key.
This session key is then used to encrypt data flowing between the parties. This allows for data/message confidentiality, and message authentication codes for message integrity and as a by-product, message authentication. [clarification needed] Several versions of the protocols are in widespread use in applications such as web browsing, electronic mail, Internet faxing, instant messaging, and voice-over-IP (VoIP).
An important property in this context is forward secrecy, so the short-term session key cannot be derived from the long-term asymmetric secret key.[3] Description[edit] History and development[edit] Secure Network Programming[edit] Dr. Notes. Merkle tree. A binary hash tree In cryptography and computer science a hash tree or Merkle tree is a tree in which every non-leaf node is labelled with the hash of the labels of its children nodes. Hash trees are useful because they allow efficient and secure verification of the contents of larger data structures. Hash trees are a generalization of hash lists and hash chains.
Demonstrating that a leaf node is a part of the given hash tree requires processing an amount of data proportional to the logarithm of the number of nodes of the tree;[1] this contrasts with hash lists, where the amount is proportional to the number of nodes. The concept is named after Ralph Merkle. Uses[edit] Hash trees were patented in 1979 by Ralph Merkle.[6] The original purpose was to make it possible to efficiently handle many Lamport one-time signatures. Overview[edit] A hash tree is a tree of hashes in which the leaves are hashes of data blocks in, for instance, a file or set of files. Tiger tree hash[edit] See also[edit] Cryptographic Module Validation Program. Logo of the Cryptographic Module Validation Program. The Cryptographic Module Validation Program (CMVP) is a joint American and Canadian security accreditation program for cryptographic modules.
The program is available to any vendors who seek to have their products certified for use by the U.S. Government and regulated industries (such as financial and health-care institutions) that collect, store, transfer, share and disseminate "sensitive, but not classified" information. All of the tests under the CMVP are handled by third-party laboratories that are accredited as Cryptographic Module Testing Laboratories by the National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program (NVLAP). Product certifications under the CMVP are performed in accordance with the requirements of FIPS 140-2. The CMVP was established by the U.S. See also[edit] Cryptographic Algorithm Validation Program (CAVP) Notes[edit] External links[edit]
Avalanche effect. The SHA-1 hash function exhibits good avalanche effect. When a single bit is changed the hash sum becomes completely different. If a block cipher or cryptographic hash function does not exhibit the avalanche effect to a significant degree, then it has poor randomization, and thus a cryptanalyst can make predictions about the input, being given only the output.
This may be sufficient to partially or completely break the algorithm. Thus, the avalanche effect is a desirable condition from the point of view of the designer of the cryptographic algorithm or device. Constructing a cipher or hash to exhibit a substantial avalanche effect is one of the primary design objectives. Strict avalanche criterion[edit] Higher-order generalizations of SAC involve multiple input bits. Bit independence criterion[edit] The bit independence criterion (BIC) states that output bits j and k should change independently when any single input bit i is inverted, for all i, j and k. See also[edit] References[edit] Block cipher. In cryptography, a block cipher is a deterministic algorithm operating on fixed-length groups of bits, called blocks, with an unvarying transformation that is specified by a symmetric key. Block ciphers are important elementary components in the design of many cryptographic protocols, and are widely used to implement encryption of bulk data.
The modern design of block ciphers is based on the concept of an iterated product cipher. Product ciphers were suggested and analyzed by Claude Shannon in his seminal 1949 publication Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems as a means to effectively improve security by combining simple operations such as substitutions and permutations.[1] Iterated product ciphers carry out encryption in multiple rounds, each of which uses a different subkey derived from the original key. The publication of the DES cipher by the U.S. Even a secure block cipher is suitable only for the encryption of a single block under a fixed key. Definition[edit] Design[edit] where. Cryptographic hash function. A cryptographic hash function (specifically, SHA-1) at work. Note that even small changes in the source input (here in the word "over") drastically change the resulting output, by the so-called avalanche effect. A cryptographic hash function is a hash function which is considered practically impossible to invert, that is, to recreate the input data from its hash value alone.
These one-way hash functions have been called "the workhorses of modern cryptography".[1] The input data is often called the message, and the hash value is often called the message digest or simply the digest. The ideal cryptographic hash function has four main properties: it is easy to compute the hash value for any given messageit is infeasible to generate a message from its hashit is infeasible to modify a message without changing the hashit is infeasible to find two different messages with the same hash. §Properties[edit] A function meeting these criteria may still have undesirable properties. §Illustration[edit] Comparison of cryptographic hash functions. Address Tracker (at) Inverted magnet icon The Magnet URI scheme is a de facto standard defining a URI scheme for Magnet links, which mainly refer to resources available for download via peer-to-peer networks.
Such a link typically identifies a file not by location, but by content—more precisely, by the content's cryptographic hash value. Since it specifies a file based on content or metadata, rather than by location, a Magnet link can be considered a kind of Uniform Resource Name, rather than the more common Uniform Resource Locators. Although it could be used for other applications, it is particularly useful in a peer-to-peer context, because it allows resources to be referred to without the need for a continuously available host. History[edit] The Pirate Bay migrated from .torrent files to magnet URI in February 2012. Use of content hashes[edit] Technical description[edit] magnet:? This refers to the Base32 encoded SHA-1 hash of the file in question. Other parameters defined by the draft standard are: magnet:? Pages that link to "Comparison of cryptographic hash functions"
Cryptographic hash function. Encryption For Beginners In an Era of Total Surveillance. By @AnonyOdinn If you’ve read the news lately, you’ve pretty much caught the drift of what’s going on. Surveillance is fast spreading to become a universal problem, governments are becoming the largest sponsors and purchasers of intrusive malware, and for all intents and purposes, all so-called “secure” systems are, simply put, not secure – at least not from governmental intrusion, and certainly not from the steady increase of corporate intrusion – a growing problem in a world where the concept of an open and free net is more at risk than ever. The purpose of this simple tutorial is to provide some encryption for beginners. No lies here, the process of setting up software that helps protect your privacy, is not as easy as just using facebook or installing an ordinary browser. It takes a little (but not much) work.
This is not a tutorial on hacking. A couple of points before you proceed. Let’s Begin The Tor Project Perhaps you’ve heard of this. The Tor Project: Tor Tails Start Fresh. Cryptographic Standards for Information Protection. .pdf. Encryption essential for cyber security: A million reasons to encrypt sensitive data. Why should all the sensitive data on your computers be encrypted?
You can find the answer to that question by Googling these three words: data breach unencrypted. Even a cursory glance at the long list of search results will show you how much trouble organizations can get into when they don’t encrypt sensitive information, particularly personally identifiable information (PII). What kind of trouble does a lack of encryption bring?
Well, apart from bad publicity and lost business from customers who decide you can’t be trusted with their data, you could also be looking at a million dollars in fines, possibly more. We’re talking budget-busting costs that could have been avoided by spending just a fraction of that on a basic program of encryption for all company computers. Consider Concentra, a company you probably never heard of before, at least not until April when it reached a $1,725,220 settlement with the OCR. Fortunately, encryption is no longer the IT pain it used to be. Crypto Tools For Everyday Use. .pdf. A simple approach of Peer-to-Peer E-Cash system. .pdf. Newscron. Intypedia. Encryption Works - How to Protect Your Privacy inthe Age of NSA Surveillance. .pdf. Cryptography - Windows 7 Password Hash Security. Cryptography Challenges for Computational Privacy in Public Clouds. .pdf.
Is It the Dawn of the Encryption App? We might live in an age of persistent and pervasive surveillance. The recent revelations about the secret National Security Agency programs aimed at collecting vast amounts of data on Americans and foreigners seemingly confirm what tinfoil-wearing netizens have feared for years: They're watching us; technology has turned against its users. Amidst prying eyes, a small but growing group of hackers and programmers is working on applications that use cryptography — the science of creating techniques to hide data and render it readable only to intended recipients — to fight surveillance and give regular citizens access to what was once only reserved to computer experts. It's a battle of geek-made encryption apps against their uniformed snooping foes.
And the spying agencies of the world are getting more adversaries every day. Both new and old faces are riding this new wave of crytpo. Zimmermann and some of his closest collaborators from the PGP years launched Silent Circle last year. Full-Disclosure. CrypTool - Homepage. Encryption. Hacking Techniques in Wireless Networks. Prabhaker Mateti Department of Computer Science and EngineeringWright State UniversityDayton, Ohio 45435-0001 This article is scheduled to appear in “The Handbook of Information Security”, Hossein Bidgoli (Editor-in-Chief), John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2005. 1. Introduction. 2 2. 2.1 Stations and Access Points. 3 2.2 Channels. 4 2.4 Infrastructure and Ad Hoc Modes. 4 2.5 Frames. 4 2.6 Authentication. 5 2.7 Association. 6 3. 3.1 Passive Scanning. 7 3.2 Detection of SSID.. 8 3.3 Collecting the MAC Addresses. 8 3.4 Collecting the Frames for Cracking WEP. 8 3.5 Detection of the Sniffers. 9 4. 4.1 MAC Address Spoofing. 10 4.2 IP spoofing. 10 4.3 Frame Spoofing. 11 5. 5.1 Detection of SSID.. 12 5.2 Detection of APs and stations. 12 5.3 Detection of Probing. 12 6. 6.1 Configuration. 12 6.2 Defeating MAC Filtering. 13 6.3 Rogue AP. 13 6.4 Trojan AP. 13 6.5 Equipment Flaws. 13 7. 7.1 Jamming the Air Waves. 14 7.2 Flooding with Associations. 14 7.3 Forged Dissociation. 14 7.4 Forged Deauthentication. 15 7.5 Power Saving. 15 8.
Email Security using Public Key Cryptography. Introduction Anyone using Email that is concerned about the security of the data being transferred should use Public Key Encryption. There are several open source software tools like GnuPG and WinPt to accomplish these tasks. The primary benefit of public key cryptography is that it allows people who have no preexisting security arrangement to exchange messages securely. The need for sender and receiver to share secret keys via some secure channel is eliminated; all communications involve only public keys, and no private key is ever transmitted or shared. This Tip describes the installation and use of GnuPG and WinPt If you want to send an encrypted mail to somebody, you encrypt it using the public key. Only the addressee himself will be able to decrypt it using his private key. GnuPG ( GnuPG is a complete and free replacement for PGP.
WinPt WinPT (Windoze Privacy Tray) is a taskbar utility for doing data en- or decryption. Configuration of GnuPG / WinPt Usage. Criptografia_funciona. Anonymat et Cryptage. Cryptography.
Cryptographic Module Validation Program. Comparison of cryptographic hash functions. The GNU Privacy Guard.