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June Rebellion. The June Rebellion, or the Paris Uprising of 1832 (French: Insurrection républicaine à Paris en juin 1832), was an unsuccessful, anti-monarchist insurrection of Parisian republicans from June 5 to June 6, 1832. The rebellion originated in an attempt of the republicans to reverse the establishment in 1830 of the July Monarchy of Louis-Philippe, shortly after the death of the king's powerful supporter, President of the Council, Casimir Pierre Périer, on May 16, 1832.

The rebellion was the last outbreak of violence linked with the July Revolution. Author Victor Hugo described the rebellion in his novel Les Misérables, and it also figures largely in the stage musical and films based on the book. Background[edit] In the 1830 July Revolution, the elected Chamber of Deputies had established a constitutional monarchy and replaced Charles X of the House of Bourbon by the more liberal Louis-Philippe.

This angered republicans who saw one king replaced by another. Causes and catalysts[edit] Les Misérables. Les Misérables (pronounced /leɪ ˌmɪzəˈrɑːb/; French pronunciation: ​[le mizeʁabl(ə)]) is a French historical novel by Victor Hugo, first published in 1862, that is considered one of the greatest novels of the 19th century. In the English-speaking world, the novel is usually referred to by its original French title, which has not been successfully translated from French (attempts ranging from The Miserable, The Wretched, The Miserable Ones, The Poor Ones, The Wretched Poor and The Victims, to The Dispossessed).[1] Beginning in 1815 and culminating in the 1832 June Rebellion in Paris, the novel follows the lives and interactions of several characters, focusing on the struggles of ex-convict Jean Valjean and his experience of redemption.[2] The appearance of the novel was highly anticipated and advertised.

Critical reactions were diverse, but most of them were negative. Commercially, the work was a great success globally. [citation needed] Novel form Digressions Hugo's sources Plot. Liberty, Equality, Fraternity: Exploring the French Revolution. French Revolution. The French Revolution (French: Révolution française) was an influential period of social and political upheaval in France that lasted from 1789 until 1799. Inspired by liberal and radical ideas, the Revolution profoundly altered the course of modern history, triggering the global decline of theocracies and absolute monarchies while replacing them with republics and democracies. Through the Revolutionary Wars, it unleashed a wave of global conflicts that extended from the Caribbean to the Middle East. Historians widely regard the Revolution as one of the most important events in human history.[1] External threats closely shaped the course of the Revolution.

The Revolutionary Wars beginning in 1792 ultimately featured French victories that facilitated the conquest of the Italian Peninsula, the Low Countries and most territories west of the Rhine – achievements that had eluded previous French governments for centuries. The modern era has unfolded in the shadow of the French Revolution. Victor Hugo. Victor Marie Hugo (French pronunciation: ​[viktɔʁ maʁi yɡo]; 26 February 1802 – 22 May 1885) was a French poet, novelist, and dramatist of the Romantic movement. He is considered one of the greatest and best known French writers. In France, Hugo's literary fame comes first from his poetry but also rests upon his novels and his dramatic achievements. Among many volumes of poetry, Les Contemplations and La Légende des siècles stand particularly high in critical esteem. Outside France, his best-known works are the novels Les Misérables, 1862, and Notre-Dame de Paris, 1831 (known in English as The Hunchback of Notre-Dame).

Though a committed royalist when he was young, Hugo's views changed as the decades passed, and he became a passionate supporter of republicanism;[citation needed] his work touches upon most of the political and social issues and artistic trends of his time. Personal life[edit] Hugo's childhood was a period of national political turmoil. Hélas ! Quoi donc ! Alas! What! 19th-century French literature. Romanticism. Romanticism. Defining Romanticism[edit] Basic characteristics[edit] Defining the nature of Romanticism may be approached from the starting point of the primary importance of the free expression of the feelings of the artist. The importance the Romantics placed on untrammelled feeling is summed up in the remark of the German painter Caspar David Friedrich that "the artist's feeling is his law".[7] To William Wordsworth poetry should be "the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings".[8] In order to truly express these feelings, the content of the art must come from the imagination of the artist, with as little interference as possible from "artificial" rules dictating what a work should consist of.

Not essential to Romanticism, but so widespread as to be normative, was a strong belief and interest in the importance of nature. However this is particularly in the effect of nature upon the artist when he is surrounded by it, preferably alone. The term[edit] The period[edit] Romantic literature[edit] Les Misérables - Victor Hugo - Book Clubs. The book which the reader now holds in his hands, from one end to the other...treats the advance from evil to good, from injustice to justice, from falsity to truth, from darkness to daylight, from blind appetite to conscience, from decay to life, from bestiality to duty, from Heaven to Hell, from Limbo to God.

Matter itself is the starting point, and the point of arrival is the soul. —Victor Hugo, Les Misérables Twenty years in the conception and execution, Les Misérables was first published in France and Belgium in 1862, a year which found Victor Hugo in exile from his beloved France. Enemies and admirers throughout the world devoured his works—poetry, political tracts, and fiction—and the effect of these works upon the public was always sensational.

The story is set between 1815 and 1832, the years of Hugo's youth. The Revolution and Republic of France had failed to redress the unconscionable social conditions in which many French citizens languished. Related Titles. Abaissé • View topic - Les Misérables as a Romantic Novel. Hugo was doing what he can with that version of nationalism with Notre-Dame - a depressing soap-opera of a novel written in order to engage people in the reclamation of their cultural past. In Scotland, you have Ossian, in France, Notre-Dame and a whole load of troubadour poetry getting published in the 1820s. From a nationalism theory perspective, France was still early in the process of nation-building. Only with the Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars did you get enough people from various regions together and have to enforce a single language on a wide scale.

When you cannot really understand someone from a hundred miles away, and the political situation has always been conducted far above your head, you've no reason to know or care about what's happening a hundred miles away. The linguistic push was the biggest contributor to nationalism in France in the days before universal suffrage. The novel was published only a couple generations on. Untitled Document. Hugo associated with the Romantic Movement while it was still in its early infancy, and remained faithful to the Romantic cause all throughout his career, a career that spanned over three generation.

He broke from the conventional 18th-century rules of French versification; and in the preface to his drama Cromwell (1827; translated 1896), a famous critical document in its own right, Hugo not only defended his break from traditional dramatic structure but also justified the introduction of the grotesque into art. Romanticism praised the genius of the extraordinary man. Hugo presented himself as the poet born of the ideological currents that shaped Romanticism, according to which the poet is a supremely individual creator, whose creative spirit is more important than strict adherence to formal rules and traditional procedures. Hugo identified with the Romantic Movement and felt it was his calling.

He was the embodiment of the Romantic image of martyrdom when he went into exile in 1851.