Www.cs.rpi.edu/~magdon/courses/cs1/labs/lab1/cygwin.pdf. Geek to Live: Introduction to Cygwin, part I. 1. Installing a C++ compiler, debugger, and make for Windows XP. The first step is to get the following components installed on your system: g++, the GNU C++ compiler, gdb, the GNU debugger, and make, a utility for compiling and linking multi-file projects.
The following instructions detail the steps to install these components from Cygwin: Using your favorite browser, navigate to the Cygwin website. On that page, find and click one of the "Install or update now! " links: A Setup dialog box will appear. Make sure that the "Save to Disk" radio button is selected; then click the OK button: A dialog will appear asking where you want to save setup.exe. Save it to your Desktop. When it finished, click the Finish button. This page maintained by Joel Adams. Procedural programming. Procedures and modularity[edit] Scoping is another technique that helps keep procedures strongly modular.
It prevents the procedure from accessing the variables of other procedures (and vice-versa), including previous instances of itself, without explicit authorization. Because of the ability to specify a simple interface, to be self-contained, and to be reused, procedures are a convenient vehicle for making pieces of code written by different people or different groups, including through programming libraries. Comparison with imperative programming[edit] Procedural programming languages are also imperative languages, because they make explicit references to the state of the execution environment.
Comparison with object-oriented programming[edit] Saks & Associates. Dan Saks is excellent.
Xprogramming.com. Modular programming in C. Last updated: 2010-07-21 This paper explains how C programs can be structured by modules.
Contents. C++ QUICK REFERENCE. Matt Mahoney, mmahoney@cs.fit.edu // Comment to end of line /* Multi-line comment */ #include <stdio.h> // Insert standard header file #include "myfile.h" // Insert file in current directory #define X some text // Replace X with some text #define F(a,b) a+b // Replace F(1,2) with 1+2 #define X \ some text // Line continuation #undef X // Remove definition #if defined(X) // Condional compilation (#ifdef X) #else // Optional (#ifndef X or #if !
Defined(X)) #endif // Required after #if, #ifdef 255, 0377, 0xff // Integers (decimal, octal, hex) 2147483647L, 0x7fffffffl // Long (32-bit) integers 123.0, 1.23e2 // double (real) numbers 'a', '\141', '\x61' // Character (literal, octal, hex) '\n', '\\', '\'', '\"' // Newline, backslash, single quote, double quote "string\n" // Array of characters ending with newline and \0 "hello" "world" // Concatenated strings true, false // bool constants 1 and 0 Function parameters and return values may be of any type.
STDIO.H, CSTDIO (Input/output) The Beginner's Guide to Using Enum Flags. Contents Introduction Once I was roaming the Visual C++ forum (again), I had to face the fact that bitwise operations, and binary in general, are rarely in beginner's common sense.
After having pained my fingers to write a very long answer to that innocent person, it became obvious that I had to share this obfuscated knowledge with the community through this article. CRC calculation. Version updates: 21th of Juli 2003: question#1: how is a crc polynom correctly reflected if the LSB is not 1 (but the high-bit of the polynom is always assumed as 1)??
21th of Juli 2003: question#2: in c-code, be careful using polynoms having a LSB of 0 (e. g. XMODEM 0x8408)... code doesn't work for such cases!!! Any ideas how to convert direct to nondirect values with polynoms having LSB=0? Assert. If the argument expression of this macro with functional form compares equal to zero (i.e., the expression is false), a message is written to the standard error device and abort is called, terminating the program execution.
The specifics of the message shown depend on the particular library implementation, but it shall at least include: the whose assertion failed, the name of the source file, and the line number where it happened. A usual expression format is: Assertion failed: expression, file filename, line line number This macro is disabled if, at the moment of including <assert.h>, a macro with the name NDEBUG has already been defined. Function prototype. Example[edit]
RMB Consulting: Embedded Systems Design and Consulting » Embedded Systems Design » Jump Tables via Function Pointer Arrays in C/C++ Jump tables, also called branch tables, are an efficient means of handling similar events in software.
Here’s a look at the use of arrays of function pointers in C/C++ as jump tables. Examination of assembly language code that has been crafted by an expert will usually reveal extensive use of function “branch tables.” A tutorial on lookup tables in C « Stack Overflow. A while back I wrote a blog posting on using lookup tables as a means of writing efficient C.
Since then, every day someone looking for basic information on lookup tables ends up on this blog – and I suspect goes away empty handed. To help make their visits a bit more fruitful I thought I’d offer some basic information on how best to implement look up tables in C. Given that this blog is about embedded systems design, my answers are of course embedded systems centric. Efficient C Tips #9 – Use lookup tables « Stack Overflow. Thursday, May 28th, 2009 by Nigel Jones This the ninth in a series of tips on how to make your C code more efficient. (Note if you are looking for basic information on lookup tables, you should read this). Typically the fastest ways to compute something on a microcontroller is to not compute it all – but to simply read the result from a lookup table. For example this is regularly done as part of CRC calculations.
Despite this I’ve noticed over the years what I’ll call the ‘look up tables are boring’ syndrome. What started me thinking about this is the person who ended up on this blog looking for an efficient algorithm for determining the day of the year. Wireshark: Re: Abillity to sniff serial line with wireshark? Named Pipes. A named pipe is a named, one-way or duplex pipe for communication between the pipe server and one or more pipe clients. All instances of a named pipe share the same pipe name, but each instance has its own buffers and handles, and provides a separate conduit for client/server communication.
The use of instances enables multiple pipe clients to use the same named pipe simultaneously. Any process can access named pipes, subject to security checks, making named pipes an easy form of communication between related or unrelated processes. Named pipes can be used to provide communication between processes on the same computer or between processes on different computers across a network. If the server service is running, all named pipes are accessible remotely. CreateFile function. Creates or opens a file or I/O device. The most commonly used I/O devices are as follows: file, file stream, directory, physical disk, volume, console buffer, tape drive, communications resource, mailslot, and pipe. The function returns a handle that can be used to access the file or device for various types of I/O depending on the file or device and the flags and attributes specified.
Syntax. Non Overlapped Serial Port Communication using Win32. Download source - 2.59 Kb Introduction The purpose of this article is to demonstrate the use of Win32 functions for serial port communication in Visual C++. A C++ class CSyncSerialComm has been developed to implement the following serial port communication operations: Open Configuration Read Write Close. CaptureSetup/Pipes. The following will explain capturing using pipes a bit. Sub category : Programming > C/C++ Accelerated C++ Online Sample Chapter. Books & Book Support. Object Oriented Programming Tutorial. Safe C++ Design Principles, First Edition. Printf. Function int printf ( const char * format, ... ); Print formatted data to stdout Writes the C string pointed by format to the standard output (stdout).
If format includes format specifiers (subsequences beginning with %), the additional arguments following format are formatted and inserted in the resulting string replacing their respective specifiers. Parameters format C string that contains the text to be written to stdout. Introduction to Object Oriented Programming Concepts (OOP) and More. Recommended framework: Table of contents 1. Introduction.