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http://fqxi.org/ Winners of the "Is the Reality Digital or Analog?" Essay Contest were announced on June 4, 2011 at the World Science Festival. The list of winners can be found here . Special thanks to our contest partners, the Gruber Foundation and Scientific American . Click here to read and comment on articles, blogs, and forums dealing with a wide range of foundational questions in physics and cosmology. FQXi catalyzes, supports, and disseminates research on questions at the foundations of physics and cosmology, particularly new frontiers and innovative ideas integral to a deep understanding of reality, but unlikely to be supported by conventional funding sources.

FQXi - Foundational Questions Institute

http://www.quantumdiaries.org/2012/04/20/mathematics-and-science/ Mathematics is a tool used by scientists to help them construct models of how the universe works and make precise predictions that can be tested against observation. That is really all there is to it, but I had better add some more or this will be a really short essay.

Quantum Diaries

http://knol.google.com/k/carl-hewitt/what-is-computation/pcxtp4rx7g1t/30# Research on the Actor model has been carried out at Caltech Computer Science, Kyoto University Tokoro Laboratory, MCC, MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, SRI, Stanford University, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Open Systems Laboratory, Pierre and Marie Curie University (University of Paris 6), University of Pisa, University of Tokyo Yonezawa Laboratory and elsewhere.

What is computation? - a knol by Carl Hewitt

http://ineteconomics.org/ Because of the overwhelming interest in our Plenary Conference "Paradigm Lost: Rethinking Economics and Politics," we have created a parallel event, YSI Commons , especially for graduate students, post-docs, and junior faculty. What is “YSI Commons”? YSI is INET's “Young Scholars Initiative,” and “Commons” refers to the intellectual commons that we all share, and also to the venerable “common room” of traditional universities, a central axis of scholarly society and culture.

Front Page | Institute for New Economic Thinking

NEW YORK (Reuters) - A former researcher at Amgen Inc has found that many basic studies on cancer -- a high proportion of them from university labs -- are unreliable, with grim consequences for producing new medicines in the future. http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/03/28/us-science-cancer-idUSBRE82R12P20120328

In cancer science, many discoveries don't hold up | Reuters

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_evolutionary_synthesis

Modern evolutionary synthesis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The modern evolutionary synthesis is a union of ideas from several biological specialties which provides a widely accepted account of evolution . It is also referred to as the new synthesis , the modern synthesis , the evolutionary synthesis , millennium synthesis and the neo-Darwinian synthesis .
A recent issue of Science has an article discussing an issue that has been a constant headache for anyone involved with any kind of modeling in drug discovery - the lack of reproducibility in computational science.

The Curious Wavefunction: On reproducibility in modeling

http://wavefunction.fieldofscience.com/2011/12/on-reproducibility-in-modeling.html

Science controversies past and present | Print Edition - Physics Today

Science —especially the science behind climate change—is under fire. http://www.physicstoday.org/resource/1/phtoad/v64/i10/p39_s1?bypassSSO=1
Multivitamin supplementation has been getting a rough ride in the literature, as evidence emerges that routine supplementation for most is, at best , unnecessary . Some individual vitamins are earning their own unattractive risk/benefit profiles: Products like folic acid , calcium , and beta-carotene all seem inadvisable for routine supplementation in the absence of deficiency or medical indication. Vitamin E, already on the watch list , looks increasingly problematic, with data recently published confirming the suspected association of supplementation with an elevated risk of prostate cancer. http://www.sciencebasedmedicine.org/index.php/antioxidants-and-exercise-more-harm-than-good/

Science-Based Medicine » Antioxidants and Exercise: More Harm Than Good?

Eureqa | Cornell Creative Machines Lab

Eur eq a (pronounced "eureka") is a software tool for detecting equations and hidden mathematical relationships in your data.

Evolved Analytics' DataModeler | Evolved Analytics

The DataModeler package is developed within the context of industrial data analysis with a goal of rapid analysis, interpretation and exploitation of multivariate data sets.
An example of automata. The study of the mathematical properties of such automata is automata theory

Automata theory - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Scientists collect data; analyse it; try to make sense of it all; and publish their findings in a scientific journal.

Digital tools for the scientific endeavour – one response to the changing world of science

Graph Theory

Neuroscience

physics

Cosmology and astrophysics