Arundo donax. Arundo donax, Giant Cane, is a tall perennial cane growing in damp soils, either fresh or moderately saline. Other common names include Carrizo, Arundo, Spanish cane, Colorado River Reed, Wild cane, and Giant reed. Arundo donax is native to eastern and southern Asia, the Mediterranean Basin,[1] and probably also parts of Africa and southern Arabian Peninsula. It has been widely planted and naturalised in the mild temperate, subtropical and tropical regions of both hemispheres (Herrera & Dudley 2003), especially in the Mediterranean, California, the western Pacific and the Caribbean.[2][3] It forms dense stands on disturbed sites, sand dunes, in wetlands and riparian habitats. Description[edit] Arundo donax generally grows to 6 metres (20 ft), in ideal conditions it can exceed 10 metres (33 ft), with hollow stems 2 to 3 centimetres (0.79 to 1.18 in) diameter.
Arundo donax. Phyllostachys aurea and Arundo donax. Biology[edit] Genetic background[edit] Ecology[edit] Carbon sequestration[edit] Phalaris brachystachys. Originally from the mediterranean region, Phalaris brachystachys is an annual grass with growth habits and cultural requirements similar to Phalaris aquatica. It grows most actively during the spring and fall, while resting during the heat of midsummer and the short cool days of winter. It also must be protected from heavy freezes. Some Phalaris species contain gramine, which can cause brain damage, other organ damage, central nervous system damage and death in sheep.[2] While at least one strain showed an extremely strong occurrence of N,N-DMT as the sole alkaloid, other strains indicated the presence of 5-MeO-DMT as well.
Strongly positive human bioassays have been reported using some clones.[3] See also[edit] Psychedelic plants References[edit] External links[edit] Phalaris aquatica. Description[edit] It is an erect, waist-high, stout perennial bunch grass with grayish to bluish green leaves. Flowering heads are dense, spike-like, and usually two to five inches long. It is slow to develop from seed, but can form large bunches after several years.[2] Phalaris arundinacea (reed canary grass) differs from Harding grass in having more distinct rhizomes and an inflorescence that is compact at first but later becomes more open as the branches spread. Hybrids of Harding grass and reed canary grass have been produced. Varieties include 'AQ1', 'Uneta', and 'Australis'.
Toxicity[edit] Some Phalaris species contain gramine, which can cause brain damage, other organ damage, central nervous system damage and death in sheep.[3] Seeds Invasive species[edit] Harding grass is an invasive species in grassland, oak woodland, chaparral, and riparian habitats. See also[edit] References[edit] External links[edit] Festuca arundinacea. Festuca arundinacea (syn., Lolium arundinaceum Darbyshire; Schedonorus phoenix (Scop.) Holub) is a species of grass commonly known as tall fescue. It is a cool-season perennial C3 species of bunchgrass native to Europe. It is an important forage grass throughout Europe, and many cultivars have been used in agriculture.
It is also an ornamental grass in gardens, and a phytoremediation plant. The predominant cultivar found in British pastures is S170, an endophyte-free variety.[1] In its native European environment, tall fescue is found in damp grasslands, river banks, and in coastal seashore locations.[2] Its distribution is a factor of climatic, edaphic, or other environmental attributes.[3] History[edit] In Europe[edit] In the U.S. Tall fescue was introduced into the United States in the late 19th century, but it did not establish itself as a widely used perennial forage until the 1940s.
The dominant cultivar grown in the United States is Kentucky 31. Description[edit] Cattle[edit] Reed canary grass. Phalaris arundinacea in garden of Islington college, Nepal. Phalaris arundinacea, sometimes known as reed canarygrass, is a tall, perennial bunchgrass that commonly forms extensive single-species stands along the margins of lakes and streams and in wet open areas, with a wide distribution in Europe, Asia, northern Africa and North America.[1] Other common names for the plant include gardener's-garters in English, alpiste roseau in French, rohrglanzgras in German, kusa-yoshi in Japanese, caniço-malhado in Portuguese, and hierba cinta and pasto cinto in Spanish.[2] Description[edit] The stems can reach 2 meters in height.[3] The leaf blades are usually green, but may be variegated.
The panicles are up to 30 centimeters long.[3] The spikelets are light green, often streaked with darker green or purple.[4] This is a perennial grass which spreads underground by its thick rhizomes.[3] Uses[edit] P. arundinacea is also planted as a hay crop or for forage. Ecology[edit] Chemical Properties[edit] Phragmites. Phragmites, the common reed, is a large perennial grass found in wetlands throughout temperate and tropical regions of the world. Phragmites australis is sometimes regarded as the sole species of the genus Phragmites, though some botanists divide Phragmites australis into three or four species.
In particular the South Asian Khagra Reed – Phragmites karka – is often treated as a distinct species.[2] Taxonomy[edit] Three Phragmites australis seedlings: A.) very young, B.) juvenile, C.) the oldest (3-4 months). Roman numerals denote different shoot generations. Sc = scutellum. (From Om Skudbygning, Overvintring og Foryngelse by Eugen Warming, 1884) The generally accepted botanical name of common reed is Phragmites australis (Cav.) Phragmites australis (Cav.) Subspecies[edit] Native and introduced species[edit] In North America, the status of Phragmites australis was a source of confusion and debate. Growth and habitat[edit] Common reed is suppressed where it is grazed regularly by livestock.