Ilex guayusa. Ilex guayusa (/ˈaɪlɛks ˈɡwaɪjuːsə/ or /ˈaɪlɛks ˈwaɪjuːsə/) is an Amazonian tree of the holly genus, native to the Ecuadorian Amazon Rainforest. One of three known caffeinated holly trees, the leaves of the guayusa tree are dried and brewed like a tea for their stimulative effects. The guayusa plant is a tree growing 6–30 meters tall. The leaves are evergreen and 2.5–7 cm long. The flowers are small and white. Biological descriptions[edit] Guayusa yields xanthines such as caffeine. Photo of Ilex guayusa tree Cultivation and use as a beverage[edit] The plant is grown primarily in Ecuador in the eastern provinces of Napo and Pastaza, but is found in parts of Peru and Colombia.
Chemical composition and properties[edit] There have been few published studies on the possible medical benefits of guayusa, but one study has shown that ingesting guayusa helped reduce hyperglycemia and other side-effects of Type 1 diabetes in an animal model.[14] Leaves of Ilex guayusa Synonyms[edit] See also[edit] Macropiper excelsum. Description[edit] It is found throughout the North Island, and as far south as Okarito (43.20 °S) on the West Coast and Banks Peninsula (43.5 °S) on the east coast of the South Island. The leaves are often covered with insect holes. The images depict the variety majus which has larger and more glossy leaves than M. excelsum. The name Kawakawa in Māori refers to the bitter taste of the leaves, from kawa bitter.[1] Leaves[edit] The Kawakawa leaves are about 5–10 cm long by 6–12 cm wide; they are opposite to each other, broadly rounded with a short drawn-out tip and are heart-shaped at their bases.
Flowers[edit] The flowers are produced on greenish, erect spikes that are 2.5-7.5 cm long. Berries[edit] Each berry is the size of a small plum and egg-shaped. Uses[edit] Kawakawa leaves and fruiting spikes Kawakawa is a traditional medicinal plant of the Māori. Host people of a marae wave leaves of kawakawa to welcome guests, especially at tangi.
See also[edit] New Zealand plants Notes[edit] Bone, K. Kratom. Mitragyna speciosa (ketum,[2] kratom or kratum,[3] Thai: กระท่อม) is a tropical deciduous and evergreen tree in the coffee family (Rubiaceae) native to Southeast Asia in the Indochina and Malesia floristic regions. Its leaves are used for medicinal properties. It is psychoactive, and leaves are chewed to uplift mood and to treat health problems.[4] M. speciosa is indigenous to Thailand and, despite growing naturally in the country, has been outlawed for 70 years and was originally banned because it was reducing the Thai government's tax revenue from opium distribution.[4] Taxonomy and etymology[edit] It was first formally described by the Dutch colonial botanist Pieter Korthals. The genus was named Mitragyna by Korthals because the stigmas in the first species he examined resembled the shape of a bishop's mitre.
It is botanically related to the genera Corynanthe and Uncaria and shares some similar biochemistry. Description[edit] Young M. speciosa tree Chemistry[edit] Use and Safety[edit] Maquira sclerophylla. Maquira sclerophylla is a timber tree and psychedelic plant native to tropical South America. Jump up ^ Maquira sclerophylla in Richter, H.G., and Dallwitz, M.J. 2000 onwards. Commercial timbers: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and information retrieval. In English, French, German, Portuguese, and Spanish. Version: 16th April 2006. Kaempferia galanga. Kaempferia galanga, commonly known as kencur, aromatic ginger, sand ginger, cutcherry or resurrection lily, is a monocotyledonous plant in the ginger family, and one of four plants called galangal. It is found primarily in open areas in Indonesia, southern China, Taiwan, Cambodia and India, but is also widely cultivated throughout Southeast Asia.
Culinary and medical use[edit] The plant is used as a herb in cooking in Indonesia, where it is called kencur, and especially in Javanese cuisine and Balinese cuisine. Beras kencur, which combines dried K. galanga powder with rice flour, is a particularly popular jamu herbal drink. Its leaves are also used in the Malay rice dish, nasi ulam. Unlike the similar Boesenbergia rotunda (Thai กระชาย krachai), K. galanga is not commonly used in Thai cuisine, but can be bought as a dried rhizome or in powder form at herbal medicine stalls. It is known in Thai as proh horm (เปราะหอม) or waan horm (ว่านหอม). Similar species[edit] Pharmacology[edit] Ipomoea violacea. Ipomoea violacea is a perennial species of Ipomoea that occurs throughout the world by the exception of European continent. It is most commonly called 'Beach Moonflower' or 'Sea Moonflower' as the flowers open at night.[1] Description[edit] A complete description is stored on the website efloras.org : "Plants perennial, woody, twining, glabrous.
Stems to 5 m, often longitudinally wrinkled. Petiole 3.5-11 cm; leaf blade circular or ovate, 5-16 X 5-14 cm, base deeply cordate; lobes rounded or rarely angular, apex acuminate, mucronulate; lateral veins 7 or 8 pairs. Comparative taxonomies[edit] As often mistaken with Ipomoea tricolor, one must compare the taxonomy of the two plants. Ipomoea violacea:[4] Genus: Ipomoea Subgenus: Eriospermum Section: Erpipomoea Ipomoea tricolor:[5] Subgenus: Quamoclit Section: Tricolor LSA presence[edit] References[edit] Heimia salicifolia. Heimia salicifolia is a species of flowering plant in the Loosestrife family, Lythraceae.
It is native to the Americas, ranging from the southwestern United States (Texas and New Mexico) through Mexico and Central America to Argentina.[1] Common names include Shrubby Yellowcrest, Sinicuichi, Sun Opener, Willow-leaf Heimia, Sini, and Elixir of the Sun. The plant has psychoactive and medicinal properties, and has been used for a variety of ailments by native peoples in Central America and Mexico. Isolated alkaloids[edit] Vertine, also known as cryogenine, is regarded as the primary psychoactive component and is also generally the most abundant constituent of alkaloidal extracts. Spiritual Use[edit] Use of Sinicuichi for shamanic purposes by native peoples of Central America and Mexico has been described. In the method of preparation commonly used, fresh leaves are collected, and allowed to wilt.
Heimia salicifolia is not believed to be addictive. Subjective Effects[edit] References[edit] Desfontainia. Areca catechu. Areca catechu is the areca palm or areca nut palm betel palm, Filipino: bunga, Indonesia/Malay: pinang, Malayalam: അടക്ക adakka, Kannada: ಅಡಿಕೆ Adike), ( in Tamil "kamuhu" in Sinhala "Puwak" ) a species of palm which grows in much of the tropical Pacific, Asia, and parts of east Africa. The palm is believed to have originated in the Philippines. but is widespread in cultivation and is considered naturalized in southern China (Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan, Yunnan), India, Bangladesh, the Maldives, Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia, New Guinea, many of the islands in the Pacific Ocean, and also in the West Indies.[2] Areca is derived from a local name from the Malabar Coast of India and catechu is from another Malay name for this palm, caccu. This palm is often called the betel tree because its fruit, the areca nut, is often chewed along with the betel leaf, a leaf from a vine of the Piperaceae family.
Growth[edit] Characteristics[edit] Chemical composition[edit] Preserving Ancient Knowledge. GENUS: Caesalpinia SPECIES: Sepiaria COMMON NAMES: Bois Sappan, Bonduc, Caesalpinia Septaria, Caesalpinia Decapetala, Cats Claw, Cumaseba, Kraaldoring, Liane Croc Chien, Liane Sappan, Mauritius Thorn, Mauritiusdoring, Mysore Thorn, Popoki, Pua kelekino, Sappan, Shoofly, Somalata, Ubobo-encane, Ufenisi, Ulozisi, Wait-a-bit, Yun-Shih. Caesalpinia Sepiaria is a hardy perennial climbing vine that often resembles a shrub; it grows up to 13 feet (4 meters) tall as a shrub with individual vines growing up to 33 feet high (10 meters). It has red stems that are covered in tiny golden colored hairs and produce many small sharp thorns. The leaves are dark green on top and a lighter shade of green underneath, and can grow up 1 foot (30 cm) in length made up of many small paired leaflets; each leaflet is about 1 inch long (26 mm) by half an inch (13 mm) wide.
This tropical plant first originated in India and quickly migrated to Asia where it thrived and spread throughout the continent. USDA. 2009. Bacopa monnieri. Bacopa monnieri (waterhyssop, brahmi,[2] thyme-leafed gratiola, water hyssop, herb of grace,[2] Indian pennywort[2]) is a perennial, creeping herb native to the wetlands of southern India, Australia, Europe, Aftice, Asia, and North and South America.[2] Bacopa is an important medicinal herb used in Ayurveda, where it is also known as "Brahmi," after Brahmā, the creator God of the Hindu pantheon. Bacopa has traditionally been employed as a neurological tonic and cognitive enhancer, and it is currently being studied for its possible neuroprotective properties.[3][4][5] Description[edit] The leaves of this plant are succulent, oblong and 4–6 millimeters thick.
Leaves are oblanceolate and are arranged oppositely on the stem. Ecology[edit] It commonly grows in marshy areas throughout India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, China, Pakistan, Taiwan, and Vietnam. Traditional uses[edit] Nomenclature[edit] Chemical constituents[edit] Pharmacology[edit] Toxicology[edit] International naming[edit] References[edit] Celastrus paniculatus. Celastrus paniculatus seeds Celastrus paniculatus is a woody liana commonly known as black oil plant, climbing staff tree, and intellect tree (Sanskrit: jyotishmati ज्योतीष्मती, Hindi: Mal-kangani माल-कांगनी, Chinese: deng you teng 灯油藤).[1][2][3] The plant grows throughout India at elevations up to 1800 m.[1][4] Oil from the seeds is used as a traditional medicine in Indian Unani and Ayurvedic medicine.[1][5] C. paniculatus is a deciduous vine with stems up to 10 centimeters in diameter and 6 meters long with rough, pale brown exfoliating bark covered densely with small, elongated lenticles. The leaves are simple, broad, and oval, obovate or elliptic in shape, with toothed margins.[1][2] C. paniculatus is a climbing shrub found throughout India.
Potential pharmacology[edit] The seeds contain fatty acids and alkaloids, and have sedative and antidepressant actions. US Relative[edit] References[edit] ^ Jump up to: a b c d Premila, M. External links[edit] Caldecott, Todd (2006). Database entry for Piri-Piri - Cyperus articulatus - Piri Piri - Cyperus articulatus - Piri-Piri - Cyperus articulatus - Piri Piri - Cyperus articulatus - Piri-Piri - Cyperus articulatus - Piri Piri - Cyperus articulatus.
Family: Cyperaceae Taxon: Cyperus articulatus L. Synonyms: Cyperus corymbosus Rottb., Chlorocyperus articulatus Rikli., Cyperus diphyllus Retz., Cyperus niloticus Forssk., Cyperus nodosus Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd., Cyperus subnodosus Nees & Meyen. Common names: adrue, andek, chintul, guinea rush, hadrue, huaste, ibenki, ibenkiki, jointed flat sedge, kajiji, kamaleji, karihi, mandassi, masho huaste, nihue huaste, nuni, piriprioca, piri-piri, piri piri, piripiri, priprioca, piripiri de sangre, piripiri de vibora, savane tremblante, shakó, waste, yahuar piripiri, zacoo Parts Used: Rhizome Main Actions Other Actions Standard Dosage stops vomiting kills bacteria Rhizome aids digestion kills yeast Infusion: 1 cup twice daily eases diarrhea contraceptive Extract: 2 ml 2-3 times daily relieves gas Capsules: 1-2 g twice daily calms & sedates reduces seizures expels worms prevents convulsions Piri-piri is a type of reed-like tropical grass called a "sedge-grass.
" Main Preparation Method: fluid extract or maceration. Ailanthus triphysa. Ailanthus triphysa (also Ailanthus malabarica) is a medium to tall evergreen rainforest tree in Asia and Australia. The wood may be used for matchwood and plywood. The tree is known as halmaddi in India, where its resin, also called halmaddi, may be used in incense. Inappropriate extraction methods were resulting in trees dying, so by the 1990s the Indian forestry department had banned extraction. Common names in Australia include white bean and ferntop ash. Distribution[edit] It occurs in India, Sri Lanka, China, Malaysia, Burma, Thailand, Laos, Philippines, Indonesia and Vietnam. Description[edit] Ailanthus triphysa leaves with larva of Eligma narcissus moth. Uses[edit] The wood contain various alkaloids and quassinoids, including beta-carboline,[8] and has been used for the treatment of dyspepsia, bronchitis, ophthalmia and snake bite.[9] References[edit] Further reading[edit]
Silene capensis. Silene undulata in a small pot Silene undulata (Xhosa: undlela zimhlophe — “white ways/paths”, also known as African Dream Root) is a plant native to the Eastern Cape of South Africa.[1][2] Cultivation[edit] In cultivation, S. undulata is an easily grown, but moisture hungry herb. It is tolerant of extreme heat (>40 °C) and moderate cold (-5 °C). A moisture retentive seedbed is essential. Uses[edit] S. undulata is regarded by the Xhosa people as a sacred plant. Further reading[edit] J. References[edit] ^ Jump up to: a b J. Polygonaceae. The Polygonaceae comprise about 1200 species[3] distributed into about 50 genera. The largest genera are Eriogonum (240 species), Rumex (200 species), Coccoloba (120 species), Persicaria (100 species) and Calligonum (80 species).[4][5] The family is present worldwide, but is most diverse in the North Temperate Zone.
Polygonaceae contain some of the worst weeds, including species of Persicaria, Emex, Rumex, and Polygonum, such as Japanese knotweed.[3] Taxonomy[edit] Description[edit] Genera[edit] Lists of genera of Polygonaceae can be found on the internet.[18][19][20] In the list below, the first three columns are the 43 genera described by Brandbyge in The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. The fourth column is an incomplete list of genera that have been recognized in recent works. Phylogeny[edit] The following phylogenetic tree is based on two papers on the molecular phylogenetics of Polygonaceae.[11][12] References[edit] External links[edit] Apocynum cannabinum. Tabernanthe iboga.
Trachelospermum jasminoides. Argyreia nervosa. Guiera senegalensis. Bassia scoparia. Calycanthus. Laurelia novae-zelandiae. Nymphaea caerulea. Shepherdia canadensis. Hippophae rhamnoides. Magnolia virginiana. Kava. Galbulimima belgraveana. Harmal. Pomegranate. Pandanus. Acorus calamus. Khat. Limonia (plant)