Следующие сто лет М.Бахтина. (размышления, спровоцированные монографией К.Эмерсон "Первые сто лет Михаила Бахтина".
Принстон. 1997.) Бузгалин А.В., Булавка Л.А. Этот материал появился на свет в Воронцовском парке, в Крыму летом 1998 года и своим появлением обязан в качестве повода работе К.Эмерсон. Честно говоря, нам с большим трудом удалось (удалось ли?) Понять, почему эта работа стала столь популярной на Западе и (отчасти) в России. Дильтей, Вильгельм. Вильгельм Дильтей (нем.
Wilhelm Dilthey; 19 ноября 1833, Бибрих-на-Рейне — 1 октября 1911, Зейс) — немецкий историк культуры и философ-идеалист, представитель философии жизни, литературовед, введший впервые понятие так называемых наук о духе (нем. Geisteswissenschaft), оказавших огромное влияние как на современные исторические науки в Германии (Риккерт, Виндельбанд, Шпрангер и другие), так и на литературоведение (Унгер, Вальцель (нем. Oskar Walzel), Гундольф (нем. Friedrich Gundolf) и другие). Lebensphilosophie. Lebensphilosophie ist eine im 19.
Jahrhundert entstandene Richtung der Philosophie, die in Frankreich von Henri Bergson und in Deutschland von Wilhelm Dilthey als Gegenentwurf zum Positivismus nach Art der Naturwissenschaften und zum Neukantianismus mit einseitiger Betonung der Rationalität entwickelt wurde. Das Werden des Lebens, seine Ganzheitlichkeit kann demnach mit Begriffen und Logik nur unzureichend erfasst und beschrieben werden. Zu einem umgreifenden Leben gehören ebenso nicht-rationale, kreative und dynamische Elemente.
Von der Lebensphilosophie kategorial abzugrenzen ist der Vitalismus, verstanden als biologische Theorie. Dem Vitalismus zufolge ist Leben das Produkt nicht der primär leblosen Materie, sondern einer eigenständigen Lebenskraft (vis vitalis, Entelechie). Wurzeln[Bearbeiten] Mikhail Bakhtin. Mikhail Mikhailovich Bakhtin (Russian: Михаи́л Миха́йлович Бахти́н, pronounced [mʲɪxʌˈil mʲɪˈxajləvʲɪtɕ bʌxˈtʲin]; November 17, 1895 – March 7,[2] 1975) was a Russian philosopher, literary critic, semiotician[3] and scholar who worked on literary theory, ethics, and the philosophy of language.
His writings, on a variety of subjects, inspired scholars working in a number of different traditions (Marxism, semiotics, structuralism, religious criticism) and in disciplines as diverse as literary criticism, history, philosophy, sociology, anthropology and psychology. Although Bakhtin was active in the debates on aesthetics and literature that took place in the Soviet Union in the 1920s, his distinctive position did not become well known until he was rediscovered by Russian scholars in the 1960s. Early life[edit] A commemorative plaque marking a building in which Mikhail Bakhtin worked.
Verstehen. Verstehen (German pronunciation: [fɛɐˈʃteːən], literally: "to understand") in the context of German philosophy and social sciences in general, has been used since the late 19th century – in English as in German – with the particular sense of the "interpretive or participatory" examination of social phenomena.[1] The term is closely associated with the work of the German sociologist, Max Weber, whose antipositivism established an alternative to prior sociological positivism and economic determinism, rooted in the analysis of social action.[2] In anthropology, Verstehen has come to mean a systematic interpretive process in which an outside observer of a culture attempts to relate to it and understand others.
Verstehen is now seen as a concept and a method central to a rejection of positivistic social science (although Weber appeared to think that the two could be united). Verstehen refers to understanding the meaning of action from the actor's point of view. Max Weber. Karl Emil Maximilian "Max" Weber (German: [ˈmaks ˈveːbɐ]; 21 April 1864 – 14 June 1920) was a German sociologist, philosopher, and political economist whose ideas influenced social theory, social research, and the entire discipline of sociology.[3] Weber is often cited, with Émile Durkheim and Karl Marx, as among the three founding creators of sociology.[4][5][6] Weber also made a variety of other contributions in economic history, as well as economic theory and methodology.
Weber's analysis of modernity and rationalisation significantly influenced the critical theory associated with the Frankfurt School. After the First World War, Max Weber was among the founders of the liberal German Democratic Party. He also ran unsuccessfully for a seat in parliament and served as advisor to the committee that drafted the ill-fated democratic Weimar Constitution of 1919. After contracting the Spanish flu, he died of pneumonia in 1920, aged 56.[4] Biography[edit] Early life and family background[edit]
Tall Vs. Flat Organizational Structure. Difference Between Tall and Flat Organisation Structure. The Difference Between Tall (Narrow Span of Control) and Flat (Wide Span of Control) Organisation Structure is based on following twelve points :- 1.
Meaning If the span of control is narrow, then there will be many management levels. That is, there will be many managers. This organisation structure is called "Tall Organisation Structure". If the span of control is wide, then there will be fewer management levels. 2.