Philosophy
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Spinoza
Nietzsche
Habermas
Levinas
Chinese philosophy
Philosophie morale et politique
Philosophie
philo
philo!
Philosophie
Merton's sociology of science
The organized study of "science" as an epistemic practice and a knowledge product has taken at least three major forms in the past century: the philosophy of science, the history of science, and the sociology of science. Philosophers have been primarily interested in the logic of scientific inquiry and the rational force of scientific knowledge. Historians have been interested in the circumstances, both external and internal, through which important periods of the growth of scientific knowledge have occurred -- the Newtonian revolution, the Darwinian revolution, the "discovery" of cold fusion (above). And sociologists have been interested in examining the norms and organizations through which "science" is practiced -- how young scientists are trained, how collaboration and competition work within a scientific discipline or a laboratory, how results are assessed and communicated.Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with existence , knowledge , values , reason, mind , and language. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Philosophy is distinguished from other ways of addressing such problems by its critical, generally systematic approach and its reliance on rational argument . [ 3 ] The word "philosophy" comes from the Greek φιλοσοφία ( philosophia ), which literally means "love of wisdom". [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Etymology The introduction of the terms "philosopher" and "philosophy" has been ascribed to the Greek thinker Pythagoras . [ 7 ] The ascription is said to be based on a passage in a lost work of Herakleides Pontikos, a disciple of Aristotle . It is considered to be part of the widespread body of legends of Pythagoras of this time.
