◥ University. {q} PhD. {tr} Training. {R} What it is? Research. Research | Definition of Research by Merriam-Webster. Research. Basrelief sculpture "Research holding the torch of knowledge" (1896) by Olin Levi Warner. Library of Congress, Thomas Jefferson Building, Washington, D.C. Forms of research[edit] Scientific research relies on the application of the scientific method, a harnessing of curiosity. This research provides scientific information and theories for the explanation of the nature and the properties of the world. Research in the humanities involves different methods such as for example hermeneutics and semiotics, and a different, more relativist epistemology.
Artistic research, also seen as 'practice-based research', can take form when creative works are considered both the research and the object of research itself. Etymology[edit] Definitions[edit] Research has been defined in a number of different ways. Another definition of research is given by Creswell who states that - "Research is a process of steps used to collect and analyze information to increase our understanding of a topic or issue". E-Research. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Information technology used to support existing and new forms of research The term e-Research (alternately spelled eResearch) refers to the use of information technology to support existing and new forms of research. This extends cyber-infrastructure practices established in STEM fields such as e-Science to cover other all research areas, including HASS fields such as digital humanities.[1] Principles[edit] Practices in e-Research typically aim to improve efficiency, interconnectedness and scalability across the full research data lifecycle: collection, storage, analysis, visualisation and sharing of data.[2] E-Research therefore involves collaboration of researchers (often in a multi-disciplinary team), with data scientists and computer scientists, data stewards and digital librarians, and significant information and communication technology infrastructure.[3] Applications[edit] Examples of e-Research problems range across disciplines which include:
Blue skies research. Blue skies research (also called blue sky science) is scientific research in domains where "real-world" applications are not immediately apparent. It has been defined as "research without a clear goal"[1] and "curiosity-driven science. " It is sometimes used interchangeably with the term "basic research. "[2] Proponents of this mode of science argue that unanticipated scientific breakthroughs are sometimes more valuable than the outcomes of agenda-driven research, heralding advances in genetics and stem cell biology as examples of unforeseen benefits of research that was originally seen as purely theoretical in scope. History[edit] Support for blue skies research has varied over time, ultimately becoming subject to the political process, in countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom,[4] and India.
In 1980, British Petroleum (known as BP after 2000) established a blue skies research initiative called the Venture Research Unit, headed by particle physicist Donald Braben. Educational Research. Educational research refers to the systematic collection and analysis of data related to the field of education. Research may involve a variety of methods.[1][2][3] Research may involve various aspects of education including student learning, teaching methods, teacher training, and classroom dynamics.[4] Educational researchers generally agree that research should be rigorous and systematic.[2][4] However, there is less agreement about specific standards, criteria and research procedures.[1][5] Educational researchers may draw upon a variety of disciplines. These disciplines include psychology, sociology, anthropology, and philosophy.[1][3] Methods may be drawn from a range of disciplines.[3][5] Conclusions drawn from an individual research study may be limited by the characteristics of the participants who were studied and the conditions under which the study was conducted.[3] Characteristics of educational research[edit] Gary Anderson outlined ten aspects of educational research:[2]
Marketing research. Branch of research for business management, studying markets and economic opportunities Marketing research is the systematic gathering, recording, and analysis of qualitative and quantitative data about issues relating to marketing products and services. The goal is to identify and assess how changing elements of the marketing mix impacts customer behavior. This involves specifying the data required to address these issues, then designing the method for collecting information, managing and implementing the data collection process. After analyzing the collected data, these results and findings, including their implications, are forwarded to those empowered to act on them.[1] Market research, marketing research, and marketing are a sequence of business activities;[2][3] sometimes these are handled informally.[4] Overview[edit] Marketing research is often partitioned into two sets of categorical pairs, either by target market: Or, alternatively, by methodological approach: Role[edit] Types[edit]
Market research. Type of business activity Market research is an organized effort to gather information about target markets and customers: know about them, starting with who they are.[1] It is an important component of business strategy[2] and a major factor in maintaining competitiveness. Market research helps to identify and analyze the needs of the market, the market size and the competition.
Its techniques encompass both qualitative techniques such as focus groups, in-depth interviews, and ethnography, as well as quantitative techniques such as customer surveys, and analysis of secondary data. It includes social and opinion research, and is the systematic gathering and interpretation of information about individuals or organizations using statistical and analytical methods and techniques of the applied social sciences to gain insight or support decision making.[3] Market research, marketing research, and marketing are a sequence of business activities;[4][5] sometimes these are handled informally.[6]
Advertising research. Advertising research is a specialized form of marketing research conducted to improve the efficiency of advertising. History[edit] The highlighted events of the history of advertising research include: 1879 - N. W. Ayer conducts custom research in an attempt to win the advertising business of Nichols-Shepard Co., a manufacturer of agricultural machinery.[1] 1895 - Harlow Gale of the University of Minnesota mails questionnaires to gather opinions about advertising from the public.[1] 1900s - George B. 1910s - 1911 can be considered the year marketing research becomes an industry. 1920s - In 1922, Dr. 1930s - In 1936, Dr. 1940s - Post World War II, the U.S. sees a large increase in the number of market research companies.[4] 1950s - Market researchers focus on improving methods and measures. 1970s - Computers emerge as business tools, allowing researchers to conduct large-scale data manipulations.
Types[edit] There are two types of research, customized and syndicated. Pre-testing[edit] Falsifiability. Property of a theory/hypothesis/statement that can be logically contradicted by an empirical test Here are two black swans, but even with no black swans to possibly falsify it, "All swans are white" would still be shown falsifiable by "Here is a black swan"—a black swan would still be a state of affairs, only an imaginary one. [A] Falsifiability is a deductive standard of evaluation of scientific theories and hypotheses, introduced by the philosopher of science Karl Popper in his book The Logic of Scientific Discovery (1934). [B] A theory or hypothesis is falsifiable (or refutable) if it can be logically contradicted by an empirical test. Popper proposed falsifiability as the cornerstone solution to both the problem of induction and the problem of demarcation. He insisted that, as a logical criterion, falsifiability is distinct from the related concept "capacity to be proven wrong" discussed in Lakatos' falsificationism.
The problem of induction and demarcation[edit] we logically deduce [edit] ☢️ Research. University of Virginia - Steps in the Research Life Cycle. How Jisc is helping researchers. Jisc’s work supports all stages of the research lifecycle. Use the diagram2 below to find out about the Jisc services that can help at each stage, or about the development work Jisc is funding to enable researchers to make even better use of advanced information and communications technologies. Our briefing papers show how Jisc supports researchers across different disciplines. Research Lifecycle diagram Click on the words in the diagram for more information about each stage of the lifecycle Ideas Literature search, finding resources, background reading. JISC provides access to content8, resource discovery9, text mining services10 and help with Web 2.011 social networking tools.
Back to the diagram12 Partners Tools to help find partners range from social networking tools, such as Facebook, to MyExperiment13 and other tools supported by Jisc Virtual Research Environments14. Back to the diagram15 Proposal writing Most research funders require a data management plan. Back to the diagram18 Share data. Research Project | Dissertations. For many postgraduate students, the RESEARCH PROJECT is the quintessential part of their course and the basis of their dissertation/thesis. The project is not only integral in passing the course but also serves as the final test of students’ capability to work independently and think critically. Because postgraduate research projects bear such high importance, we have compiled the most important information that you as a prospective postgraduate student need to know about starting your first research project.
Find your PERFECT POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM 1. WHEN should I start planning my research project? 2. What FREEDOM will I have in choosing my research topic? 3. 4. As a master’s student, your research proposal will need to be brief and contain only essential information. 5. A. B. C. D. E. F. 6. Once that your research proposal has been approved you will need to start your actual research project. 7. . • A research project is at the core of many postgraduate courses. Related Editorial Links. ☝️ [BS] Heigham. Research. Systematic study undertaken to increase knowledge Research is "creative and systematic work undertaken to increase the stock of knowledge".[1] It involves the collection, organization and analysis of evidence to increase understanding of a topic, characterized by a particular attentiveness to controlling sources of bias and error.
These activities are characterized by accounting and controlling for biases. A research project may be an expansion of past work in the field. To test the validity of instruments, procedures, or experiments, research may replicate elements of prior projects or the project as a whole. Etymology[edit] The word research is derived from the Middle French "recherche", which means "to go about seeking", the term itself being derived from the Old French term "recerchier" a compound word from "re-" + "cerchier", or "sercher", meaning 'search'.[4] The earliest recorded use of the term was in 1577.[4] Definitions[edit] Another definition of research is given by John W.