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◥ University. {q} PhD. {tr} Training. {R} Degree. ⚫ UK. ↂ EndNote. {q} Bachelor. {q} Masters. {q} MBA. {q} PhD. ☢️ Basic R' ☢️ Applied R' Applied science. Practical application of scientific knowledge Applied science is the use of the scientific method and knowledge obtained via conclusions from the method to attain practical goals. It includes a broad range of disciplines such as engineering and medicine. Applied science is often contrasted with basic science, which is focused on advancing scientific theories and laws that explain and predict natural or other phenomena.[1] Applied science can also apply formal science, such as statistics and probability theory, as in epidemiology.

Historical context[edit] Historians[who?] Applied research[edit] [2]Applied research usually has specific commercial objectives related to products, procedures, or services.[3] The comparison of pure research and applied research provides a basic framework and direction for businesses to follow. Applied research deals with solving practical problems[4] and generally employs empirical methodologies. Branches[edit] In education[edit] See also[edit] References[edit] ☢️ Experimental. ☢️ Exploratory. Empirical research. Empirical research is research using empirical evidence. It is a way of gaining knowledge by means of direct and indirect observation or experience. Empiricism values such research more than other kinds. Empirical evidence (the record of one's direct observations or experiences) can be analyzed quantitatively or qualitatively.

Through quantifying the evidence or making sense of it in qualitative form, a researcher can answer empirical questions, which should be clearly defined and answerable with the evidence collected (usually called data). Research design varies by field and by the question being investigated. In some fields, quantitative research may begin with a research question (e.g., "Does listening to vocal music during the learning of a word list have an effect on later memory for these words? ") Terminology[edit] Usage[edit] The researcher attempts to describe accurately the interaction between the instrument (or the human senses) and the entity being observed.

See also[edit] Constructive research. Constructive research is perhaps the most common computer science research method. This type of approach demands a form of validation that doesn’t need to be quite as empirically based as in other types of research like exploratory research. The term “construct” is often used in this context to refer to the new contribution being developed. Construct can be a new theory, algorithm, model, software, or a framework.

The following phrases explain the above figure. The "fuzzy info from many sources" tab refers to different info sources like training materials, processes, literature, articles, working experience etc. In the “solution” tab, “theoretical framework” represents a tool to be used in the problem solving. The “practical relevance” tab it refers to empirical knowledge creation that offers final benefits. The “theoretical relevance” tab it gives the new theoretical knowledge that needs scientific acceptance: the back arrow to “theoretical body of knowledge” tab. ✊ Harvey (2009) Degree. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Degree may refer to: As a unit of measurement[edit] In mathematics[edit] In education[edit] Academic degree, an academic rank, title or award Vocational degree, an award in vocational education Other measures[edit] People[edit] Asha Jaquilla Degree (born 1990), an American child who went missing in 2000 Brands[edit] Da Degrees, Canadian record label and hip hop collectiveDegree (deodorant), a brand of antiperspirant Other uses[edit] See also[edit] Topics referred to by the same term.

Associate degree. Undergraduate degree An associate degree or associate's degree is an undergraduate degree awarded after a course of post-secondary study lasting two to three years. It is a level of academic qualification above a high school diploma and below a bachelor's degree. The first associate degrees were awarded in the UK (where they are no longer awarded) in 1873 before spreading to the US in 1898.

In the United States, the associate degree may allow transfer into the third year of a bachelor's degree.[1] Associate degrees have since been introduced in a small number of other countries. Americas[edit] Argentina[edit] In Argentina, tertiary colleges ("institutos terciarios") offer associate degrees in a variety of areas, including elementary and high school teacher, and technical fields, upon completion of three or four years of study. Brazil[edit] In Brazil, undergraduate degrees are known as graduação ('graduate') while graduate degrees are known as pós-graduação ('postgraduate').

Canada[edit] Two-Cycle System - Analytic Quality Glossary - Quality Research International. Bachelor-maste core definition explanatory context A Bologna Process (undated) website states that Ministers [in Europe] "asked for the development of an overarching framework of qualifications for the European Higher Education Area. Within such frameworks, degrees should have different defined outcomes. Analytical review World Education News (2012) defines: Two-Cycle System (two-tiered system): The Bologna Declaration calls for the adoption of a degree structure comprised of two clearly defined cycles: undergraduate (bachelors) and graduate (masters and doctorate). AEC (2004) defines it thus: 2-Cycle system: The Bologna Declaration calls for the organisation of higher education throughout into two phases or cycles – undergraduate and postgraduate/graduate (these terms are used interchangeably).

Associated issues related areas See also bachelor degree master degree Sources Top A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Home. Degree Mill - Analytic Quality Glossary - Quality Research International. Degree mill core definition explanatory context Degree mills are a form of diploma mill analytical review CHEA/UNESCO (2009) state: There is not, at present, a single, shared international definition of “degree mills” or “bogus providers.” We are certain we are dealing with a degree mill when the operation is accurately described as one that “…offers a credential purely in exchange for payment and nothing else.” We are likely to be dealing with a degree mill when the operation is accurately described by some or all of the following. . • Lack legal authority to operate as higher education institutions or award degrees. • Require little if any attendance, either on-site or online. • Require little if any coursework or few if any assignments to obtain a credential. • Do not provide information about location of incorporation, ownership or governance. • Provide little or no contact information other than telephone or email address. associated issues related areas See also accreditation mill Sources Top.

Double degree. Degree in two different fields conferred at the same time A double degree program, sometimes called a dual degree, combined degree, conjoint degree, joint degree or double graduation program, involves a student working for two university degrees[citation needed] —either at the same institution or at different institutions, sometimes in different countries. The two degrees might be in the same subject area, or in two different subjects. Examples[edit] Undergraduate Brunei – Sultan Sharif Ali Islamic University Provide a double degree for Bachelor of Laws (LL.B) and Bachelor of Sharia Law (BSL)[1] France – Canada: Dual bachelor's degree between Sciences Po and the University of British Columbia For the first two years of their undergraduate studies students attend one of Sciences Po's three regional campuses.

Indonesia – Universitas Indonesia & University of Newcastle upon Tyne Universitas Indonesia is among the first universities in Indonesia to offer a double degree program. Graduate. Dual Programme - Analytic Quality Glossary - Quality Research International. Dual degree core definition explanatory context Dual degrees are a form of dual award that derives from dual or double programmes. Joint degrees should be distinguished from joint degrees. analytical review Hunger and Skalbergs (2007, p. 41) describe a double degree as follows: The UK Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education (QAA) (2010, p. 82) refers to 'dual awards' and confusingly to 'dual/double or multiple awards', which despite the same label differ in whether the programme is delivered jointly or not: Dual award describes collaborative arrangements under which two or more awarding institutions together provide programmes leading to separate awards being granted by both, or all of them.

Dual/double or multiple awards describes collaborative arrangements under which two or more awarding institutions together provide a jointly-delivered programme (or programmes) leading to separate awards being granted by both, or all, of them. Joint qualification Double/multiple qualification See also Top. British undergraduate degree classification. Academic grading structure in the United Kingdom The British undergraduate degree classification system is a grading structure for undergraduate degrees or bachelor's degrees and integrated master's degrees in the United Kingdom. The system has been applied (sometimes with significant variations) in other countries and regions. History[edit] The classification system as used in the United Kingdom was developed in 1918.[1] Honours were then a means to recognise individuals who demonstrated depth of knowledge or originality, as opposed to relative achievement in examination conditions.

Concern exists about possible grade inflation. Degree classification[edit] A bachelor's degree can be an honours degree (bachelor's with honours) or an ordinary degree (bachelor's without honours). Students who do not achieve honours may be awarded an ordinary degree, sometimes known as a "pass". Distinction – typically 70% and higherMerit – typically 60–69%Pass – typically 50–59%.[8][9] Ordinary degree[edit] Adult education. Any form of learning adults engage in beyond traditional schooling Adult education, distinct from child education, is a practice in which adults engage in systematic and sustained self-educating activities in order to gain new forms of knowledge, skills, attitudes, or values.[1] It can mean any form of learning adults engage in beyond traditional schooling, encompassing basic literacy to personal fulfillment as a lifelong learner,[2] and to ensure the fulfillment of an individual.

In particular, adult education reflects a specific philosophy about learning and teaching based on the assumption that adults can and want to learn, that they are able and willing to take responsibility for the learning, and that the learning itself should respond to their needs.[3] The learning happens in many ways and in many contexts just as all adults' lives differ.[6] Adult learning can be in any of the three contexts, i.e.: Characteristics[edit] In a study, Dr. Objectives[edit] Theories[edit] Eduard C. Program. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Program, programme, programmer, or programming may refer to: Business and management[edit] Program management, the process of managing several related projectsTime managementProgram, a part of planning Arts and entertainment[edit] Audio[edit] Video or television[edit] Broadcast programming, scheduling content for televisionProgram music, a type of art music that attempts to render musically an extra-musical narrativeSynthesizer patch or program, a synthesizer setting stored in memory"Program", an instrumental song by Linkin Park from LP Underground ElevenProgrammer, a film on the lower half of a double feature bill; see B-movie Science and technology[edit] Other uses[edit] See also[edit] Topics referred to by the same term.

Program specification. From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia In computer science, a program specification is the definition of what a computer program is expected to do. It can be informal, in which case it can be considered as a blueprint or user manual from a developer point of view, or formal, in which case it has a definite meaning defined in mathematical or programmatic terms.

In practice, most successful specifications are written to understand and fine-tune applications that were already well-developed, although safety-critical software systems are often carefully specified prior to application development. Specifications are most important for external interfaces that must remain stable.[1] Overview[change | change source] In systems engineering a specification is a document that clearly and accurately describes the essential technical requirements for items, materials, or services including the procedures by which it can be determined that the requirements have been met.

Professional degree. Academic degree for qualification to work in a specific profession A professional degree, formerly known in the US as a first professional degree, is a degree that prepares someone to work in a particular profession, practice, or industry sector often meeting the academic requirements for licensure or accreditation.[1][2][3][4] Professional degrees may be either graduate or undergraduate entry, depending on the profession concerned and the country, and may be classified as bachelor's, master's, or doctoral degrees.

For a variety of reasons, professional degrees may bear the name of a different level of qualification from their classification in qualifications, e.g., some UK professional degrees are named bachelor's but are at master's level, while some Australian and Canadian professional degrees have the name "doctor" but are classified as master's or bachelor's degrees.[5][6][7] History[edit] History of professional degrees in Europe[edit] Professional degrees by country[edit] Course (education) Program of study, or unit of teaching that typically lasts one academic term The term is used in various countries, such as Vietnam, Canada, Nigeria, and the United States. In India, the United Kingdom, Australia and Singapore, as well as parts of Canada, the word "unit" or "module" would be used to refer to an academic course as used in North America and the rest of Europe. In the Philippines, a course can be an individual subject (usually referred to by faculty and school officials) or the entire programme (usually referred to by students and outsiders).

Types of courses[edit] Courses are made up of individual sessions, typically on a fixed weekly schedule. There are different formats of course in universities: Many courses combine these formats. Students are expected to do various kinds of work for a course: The exact work required depends on the discipline, the course, and the particular instructor. Elective and required courses[edit] US course numbering system[edit] See also[edit] Foundation degree. Foundation programme. Franchise Programmes - Analytic Quality Glossary - Quality Research International. Sandwich degree. Internship. Online degree. Application Fee - Analytic Quality Glossary - Quality Research International. Fee. Registration. Prerequisite. Curriculum. Syllabus. Module. Grading in education. ☢️ ECTS.