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Nestor Kukolnik - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Nestor Vasilievich Kukolnik ( Russian : Нестор Васильевич Кукольник ) (1809–1868) was a Russian playwright and prose writer of Carpatho-Rusyn origin.
Jesus , Abraham Lincoln , Mahatma Gandhi , Benjamin Mays , Hosea Williams , Bayard Rustin , Henry David Thoreau , Howard Thurman , Leo Tolstoy Martin Luther King, Jr. (January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968) was an American clergyman , activist, and prominent leader in the African-American Civil Rights Movement . [ 1 ] He is best known for his role in the advancement of civil rights in the United States and around the world, using nonviolent methods following the teachings of Mahatma Gandhi . [ 2 ] King has become a national icon in the history of modern American liberalism . [ 3 ] A Baptist minister, King became a civil rights activist early in his career. [ 4 ] He led the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) in 1957, serving as its first president.
Martin Luther King, Jr. - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Armand Jean du Plessis, Cardinal-Duc de Richelieu et de Fronsac ( French pronunciation: [ʁiʃəljø] ; 9 September 1585 – 4 December 1642) was a French clergyman , noble and statesman . Consecrated as a bishop in 1608, he later entered politics , becoming a Secretary of State in 1616. Richelieu soon rose in both the Catholic Church and the French government, becoming a Cardinal in 1622, and King Louis XIII's chief minister in 1624. He remained in office until his death in 1642; he was succeeded by Cardinal Mazarin , whose career he had fostered. The Cardinal de Richelieu was often known by the title of the King's "Chief Minister" or "First Minister".
Cardinal Richelieu - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Pope Alexander VI (Spanish: Alejandro VI , or Alexander Sextus ), born Roderic Llançol i de Borja (Spanish: Rodrigo Lanzol ; 1 January 1431 – 18 August 1503) was pope (Bishop of Rome) from 1492 until his death in 1503. He is one of the most controversial of the Renaissance popes, and his Italianized surname Borgia became a byword for libertinism and nepotism, which are traditionally considered as characterizing his papacy. However, his reputation is mostly drawn from his enemies, the Italian prelates and barons whose power he subverted. Two of Alexander's successors, Sixtus V and Urban VIII , described him as one of the most outstanding popes since St. Peter. [ 3 ] His reputation rests more on his considerable skills as a diplomat, politician and civil administrator rather than as a pastor, although regarding the latter he was no more or less effective than any of the other renaissance pontiffs. [ 4 ] [ edit ] Birth and family
Pope Alexander VI - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
John Ernst Steinbeck, Jr. (February 27, 1902 – December 20, 1968) was an American writer. He is widely known for the Pulitzer Prize -winning novel The Grapes of Wrath (1939) and East of Eden (1952) and the novella Of Mice and Men (1937).
John Steinbeck - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Zecharia Sitchin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Zecharia Sitchin (July 11, 1920 – October 9, 2010 [ 1 ] ) was an Azerbaijani -born American author of books proposing an explanation for human origins involving ancient astronauts . Sitchin attributes the creation of the ancient Sumerian culture to the Anunnaki , which he states was a race of extra-terrestrials from a planet beyond Neptune called Nibiru . He believed this hypothetical planet of Nibiru to be in an elongated, elliptical orbit in the Earth 's own Solar System , asserting that Sumerian mythology reflects this view. Sitchin's books have sold millions of copies worldwide and have been translated into more than 25 languages.Thomas Stearns Eliot OM (September 26, 1888 – January 4, 1965) was a playwright, literary critic, and an important English-language poet of the 20th century. [ 3 ] Although he was born an American , he moved to the United Kingdom in 1914 (at age 25) and was naturalised as a British subject in 1927 at age 39. The poem that made his name, The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock —started in 1910 and published in Chicago in 1915—is seen as a masterpiece of the modernist movement, and was followed by some of the best-known poems in the English language, including Gerontion (1920), The Waste Land (1922), The Hollow Men (1925), Ash Wednesday (1930), and Four Quartets (1945). [ 4 ] He is also known for his seven plays, particularly Murder in the Cathedral (1935).
T. S. Eliot - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Charles Robert Darwin , FRS (12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist . [I] He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestors , [ 1 ] and proposed the scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection . [ 2 ] Darwin published his theory with compelling evidence for evolution in his 1859 book On the Origin of Species , overcoming scientific rejection of earlier concepts of transmutation of species . [ 3 ] [ 4 ] By the 1870s the scientific community and much of the general public had accepted evolution as a fact .
Charles Darwin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Immanuel Kant - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Immanuel Kant ( German pronunciation: [ɪˈmaːnu̯eːl ˈkant] ; 22 April 1724 – 12 February 1804) was a German philosopher from Königsberg (today Kaliningrad of Russia ), researching, lecturing and writing on philosophy and anthropology at the end of the 18th century Enlightenment . [ 1 ] At the time, there were major successes and advances in the sciences (for example, Isaac Newton , Carl Friedrich Gauss , and Robert Boyle ) using reason and logic. This stood in sharp contrast to the skepticism and lack of agreement or progress in empiricist philosophy. Kant’s magnum opus , the Critique of Pure Reason ( Kritik der reinen Vernunft , 1781), [ 2 ] aimed to unite reason with experience to move beyond what he took to be failures of traditional philosophy and metaphysics . He hoped to end an age of speculation where objects outside experience were used to support what he saw as futile theories, while opposing the skepticism of thinkers such as Descartes , Berkeley and Hume . He stated:
Max Müller - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Max Müller as a young man Friedrich Max Müller (December 6, 1823 – October 28, 1900), more regularly known as Max Müller , was a German philologist and Orientalist , one of the founders of the western academic field of Indian studies and the discipline of comparative religion . Müller wrote both scholarly and popular works on the subject of Indology , a discipline he introduced to the British reading public, and the Sacred Books of the East , a massive, 50-volume set of English translations prepared under his direction, stands as an enduring monument to Victorian scholarship. [ edit ] Life and work He was born in Dessau , the son of the Romantic poet Wilhelm Müller , whose verse Franz Schubert had set to music in his song-cycles Die schöne Müllerin and Winterreise . Max Müller's mother, Adelheide Müller, was the eldest daughter of a chief minister of Anhalt-Dessau .Albert Camus ( French pronunciation: [albɛʁ kamy] ( listen ) ; 7 November 1913 – 4 January 1960) was a French author, journalist, and philosopher of the 20th century. In 1949, Camus founded the Group for International Liaisons within the Revolutionary Union Movement , which was opposed to some tendencies of the Surrealist movement of André Breton . [ 1 ]
Albert Camus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Cesare Borgia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Cesare Borgia ( Spanish : César Borja , [ˈθe.sar ˈβor.xa] ; 13 September 1475 or April 1476 [ 1 ] – 12 March 1507), Duke of Valentinois , [ 2 ] was an Italian [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] condottiero , nobleman, politician, and cardinal. He was the son of Pope Alexander VI and his long-term mistress Vannozza dei Cattanei . He was the brother of Lucrezia Borgia ; Giovanni Borgia (Juan), Duke of Gandia ; and Gioffre Borgia (Jofré in Catalan ), Prince of Squillace. [ 6 ] He was half-brother to Don Pedro Luis de Borja (1460–88) and Girolama de Borja, children of unknown mothers.Mark Twain - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Fiction , historical fiction , children's literature , non-fiction , travel literature , satire , essay , philosophical literature , social commentary , literary criticism Olivia Langdon Clemens (m. 1870–1904) «start: ( 1870 ) –end+1: ( 1905 ) » " Marriage: Olivia Langdon Clemens to Mark Twain " Location: (linkback: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Twain ) Samuel L. Clemens stamp, 1940 Samuel Langhorne Clemens (November 30, 1835 – April 21, 1910), [ 1 ] better known by his pen name Mark Twain , was an American author and humorist .J. D. Salinger - Wikipedia
Jerome David „J.D.” Salinger (n. 1 ianuarie 1919 , Manhattan , New York — d. 27 ianuarie 2010 , Cornish, New Hampshire ) a fost un scriitor american , cunoscut mai ales pentru romanul său De veghe în lanul de secară ( en. The Catcher in the Rye , 1951) și firea solitară. Ultima sa lucrare publicată a fost scrisă în anul 1965, iar în 1980, autorul a acordat ultimul său interviu . [ modificare ] Primii ani. DebutulLucrezia Borgia [luˈkrɛtsia ˈbɔrʤa] (18 April 1480 – 24 June 1519) was the illegitimate daughter of Rodrigo Borgia , the powerful Renaissance Valencian who later became Pope Alexander VI , and Vannozza dei Cattanei . Her brothers included Cesare Borgia , Giovanni Borgia , and Gioffre Borgia . It is often suggested that Cesare and Lucrezia may have had an incestuous relationship. [ 1 ] Lucrezia's family later came to epitomize the ruthless Machiavellian politics and sexual corruption alleged to be characteristic of the Renaissance Papacy. Lucrezia was cast as a femme fatale , a role she has been portrayed as in many artworks, novels, and films.