Xanthine. Xanthine is a product on the pathway of purine degradation.
Xanthine is subsequently converted to uric acid by the action of the xanthine oxidase enzyme. Studies reported in 2008, based on 12C/13C isotopic ratios of organic compounds found in the Murchison meteorite, suggested that xanthine and related chemicals, including the RNA component uracil, were formed extraterrestrially.[3][4] In August 2011, a report, based on NASA studies with meteorites found on Earth, was published suggesting xanthine and related organic molecules, including the DNA and RNA components adenine and guanine, were made in outer space.[5][6][7] Pathology[edit] Eugeroic. Modafinil, a prototypical example of a wakefulness-promoting agent The prototype drug in this class is modafinil, and other drugs include adrafinil and armodafinil.
The primary difference between these drugs and amphetamine-like stimulants is that wakefulness-promoting agents trigger activation of neurons in the hypothalamus-based wakefulness circuits, as opposed to producing diffuse neuronal activation.[1] The functional opposites of wakefulness-promoting agents would be hypnotics/sedatives like antihistamines, opioids, and benzodiazepines. Examples[edit] Pharmaceutical drugs: Amphetamine. Analgesic. Tilidine, a brand of painkiller An analgesic, or painkiller, is any member of the group of drugs used to achieve analgesia — relief from pain.
The word analgesic derives from Greek ἀν-, "without", and ἄλγος, "pain".[1] Analgesic drugs act in various ways on the peripheral and central nervous systems.