History of Information (VIII)
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Background The Children’s Internet Protection Act (CIPA) was enacted by Congress in 2000 to address concerns about children’s access to obscene or harmful content over the Internet. CIPA imposes certain requirements on schools or libraries that receive discounts for Internet access or internal connections through the E-rate program – a program that makes certain communications services and products more affordable for eligible schools and libraries.
Children's Internet Protection Act
Google explains racist, anti-Semitic search results
Google explains racist, anti-Semitic search results (AFP) – Nov 24, 2009 WASHINGTON — Google is running advertisements to explain the appearance of racist and anti-Semitic material in search results, including a picture which depicts US First Lady Michelle Obama as a monkey. "Sometimes Google search results from the Internet can include disturbing content, even from innocuous queries," the Mountain View, California-based search giant said in an ad signed "The Google Team." "We assure you that the views expressed by such sites are not in any way endorsed by Google," Google said. The Google ad appears on a page of image search results for Michelle Obama which includes the offensive depiction of the wife of President Barack Obama."The Franklin Prophecy" , sometimes called "The Franklin Forgery", is an antisemitic speech falsely attributed to Benjamin Franklin , warning of the supposed dangers of admitting Jews to the nascent United States . The speech was purportedly transcribed by Charles Cotesworth Pinckney during the Constitutional Convention of 1787, but was unknown before its appearance in 1934 in the pages of William Dudley Pelley's Silver Legion pro- Nazi weekly magazine Liberation . (Pinckney wrote that he had kept a journal of the Convention, but it has never been found, and Pelley's claims that it was printed privately, and that the Franklin Institute has a manuscript copy, are unsubstantiated.)
The Franklin Prophecy
The Underground Web
It's the kind of call everyone dreads. For Kristen Bonnett, the daughter of NASCAR race driver Neil Bonnett, it came on Feb. 11, 1994--the day her father crashed during a practice run at the Daytona International Speedway. A few hours later, he died. Bonnett was devastated, but she got on with her life. Then, seven years later, came a second call.
From Counterculture to Cyberculture: Stewart Brand, the Whole Earth Network, and the Rise of Digital Utopianism, Turner
N. Katherine Hayles | N. Katherine Hayles
The University is Dead! Long Live the University! James L. Morrison Editor, The Technology Source For Discussion Purposes Only
The University is Dead
chief of confusion
In contrast to bombs, viruses, whether bioengineered or software engineered, pose insidious and invisible threats. And whereas only states had the infrastructure and finances to develop the former, the latter may need only cheap, readily available devices to instigate irreversible threats to all humanity. Able to take advantage of our dense, social and technological interconnections to replicate, these threats will spread from obscure beginnings to devastating ends-as the “I love you” virus spread from student’s computer in Manila to cripple computers around the world.
Alfred Marshall (26 July 1842 – 13 July 1924) was one of the most influential economists of his time. His book, Principles of Economics (1890), was the dominant economic textbook in England for many years. It brings the ideas of supply and demand , marginal utility , and costs of production into a coherent whole. He is known as one of the founders of economics . [ edit ] Career
Alfred Marshall
Since Cairncross (1997), the notion of the “death of distance” has gained traction, both in the work of academics but more especially in the popular image of globalisation. Citing radical improvements in the cost and efficacy of long-distance communication and transportation, Cairncross depicts a world marked by the free movement of goods, people, and ideas. Unfortunately, this prognosis has been difficult to identify in present-day trade data. One of the first studies to recognise this was Leamer and Levinsohn (1995), who write “that the effect of distance on trade patterns is not diminishing over time. Contrary to popular impression, the world is not getting dramatically smaller”.
Revisiting the death of distance
A Rape in Cyberspace
" A Rape in Cyberspace, or How an Evil Clown, a Haitian Trickster Spirit, Two Wizards, and a Cast of Dozens Turned a Database into a Society " is an article written by freelance journalist Julian Dibbell and first published in The Village Voice in 1993. The article was later included in Dibbell's book My Tiny Life on his LambdaMOO experiences. Lawrence Lessig has said that his chance reading of Dibbell's article was a key influence on his interest in the field. [ 1 ] Sociologist David Trend called it "one of the most frequently cited essays about cloaked identity in cyberspace". [ 2 ] [ edit ] Summary "A Rape in Cyberspace" describes a "cyberrape" in a multi-player computer game or MUD called LambdaMOO , the repercussions of this act on the virtual community and subsequent changes to the design of the MUD program.
The WELL
The Whole Earth 'Lectronic Link , normally shortened to The WELL , is one of the oldest virtual communities in continuous operation. As of June 2012, it had 2,693 members. [ 2 ] It is best known for its Internet forums , but also provides email, shell accounts , and web pages. The discussion and topics on the WELL range from deeply serious to trivial, depending on the nature and interests of the participants. [ edit ] History The WELL was started by Stewart Brand and Larry Brilliant in 1985, and the name is partially a reference to some of Brand's earlier projects, including the Whole Earth Catalog .Will the Internet Always Speak English?
I n 1898, when Otto von Bismarck was an old man, a journalist asked him what he took to be the decisive factor in modern history. He answered, "The fact that the North Americans speak English." In retrospect, he was spot on the mark about the political and economic developments of the twentieth century, and up to now he seems to have been prescient about the development of the technologies that will shape the next one. The Internet was basically an American development, and it naturally spread most rapidly among the other countries of the English-speaking world. Right now, for example, there are roughly as many Internet users in Australia as in either France or Italy, and the English-speaking world as a whole accounts for over 80 percent of top-level Internet hosts and generates close to 80 percent of Internet traffic. It isn't surprising, then, that the Web is dominated by English.The Polarization of Extremes - The Chronicle Review
December 14, 2007 By CASS R. SUNSTEINTraditionally news were always presented in neatly edited packaged. No more. In web 2.0 the individual news story frequently becomes more important than the edited package. What does this mean for news providers?