William Hedley. William Hedley (13 July 1779 – 9 January 1843[1]) was born in Newburn, near Newcastle upon Tyne. He was one of the leading industrial engineers of the early 19th century, and was instrumental in several major innovations in early railway development. While working as a 'viewer' or manager at Wylam Colliery near Newcastle upon Tyne, he built the first practical steam locomotive which relied simply on the adhesion of iron wheels on iron rails. Early locomotives[edit] Before Hedley's time, such locomotives were far too heavy for the track that was then available. However, in 1812, Matthew Murray and John Blenkinsop had produced the first twin cylinder steam locomotive, Salamanca, for Middleton Colliery railway near Leeds, using a pinion engaging with teeth along the iron edge rails track (first rack railway).
Hedley's improvements[edit] First locomotive[edit] Puffing Billy and Wylam Dilly[edit] Modifications[edit] Death[edit] References[edit] Ransom, P.J.G. (1990). External links[edit] Stephenson's Rocket. Replica of the Rocket in its original condition in the Transport Museum in Nuremberg during the exhibition "Adler, Rocket and Co. " Stephenson's Rocket was an early steam locomotive of 0-2-2 wheel arrangement, built in 1829 at the Forth Street Works of Robert Stephenson and Company in Newcastle Upon Tyne.
It was built for, and won, the Rainhill Trials held by the Liverpool & Manchester Railway in 1829 to choose the best design to power the railway. Though the Rocket was not the first steam locomotive, it was the first to bring together several innovations to produce the most advanced locomotive of its day. It is the most famous example of an evolving design of locomotives by Stephenson that became the template for most steam engines in the following 150 years. The locomotive was preserved and is now on display in the Science Museum in London. Design[edit] Basic layout[edit] Design objectives[edit] Stephenson designed Rocket for the Rainhill trials, and the specific rules of that contest.
Lancaster Bomber. Concorde. Ferrari Formula 1 Cars. Taxis. Routemaster. The AEC Routemaster is a double-decker bus designed by London Transport and built by the Associated Equipment Company (AEC) and Park Royal Vehicles. The first prototype was completed in September 1954 and the last one was delivered in 1968. The layout of the vehicle was traditional for the time, with a half-cab, front-mounted engine and open rear platform, although the coach version was fitted with rear platform doors. Forward entrance vehicles with platform doors were also produced as was a unique front-entrance prototype with the engine mounted transversely at the rear. The first Routemasters entered service with London Transport in February 1956 and the last were withdrawn from regular service in December 2005, although two heritage routes are still operated by Routemasters in central London.
Most Routemasters were built for London Transport, although small numbers were built for British European Airways and the Northern General Transport Company. Design[edit] Driver's cab of RML2551. How It's Made Automotive Seats (MINI Cooper) Mini. The Mini is a small economy car made by the British Motor Corporation (BMC) and its successors from 1959 until 2000. The original is considered a British icon of the 1960s.[5][6][7] Its space-saving front-wheel drive layout – allowing 80 per cent of the area of the car's floorpan to be used for passengers and luggage – influenced a generation of car makers.[8] The vehicle is in some ways considered the British equivalent of its German contemporary the Volkswagen Beetle, which enjoyed similar popularity in North America.
In 1999 the Mini was voted the second most influential car of the 20th century, behind the Ford Model T.[9][10] On introduction in August 1959 the Mini was marketed under the Austin and Morris names, as the Austin Seven and Morris Mini-Minor.[14] The Austin Seven was renamed to Austin Mini in January 1962 [14] and Mini became a marque in its own right in 1969.[15][16] In 1980 it once again became the Austin Mini and in 1988 the Rover Mini.[17] Design and development[edit] AC Cobra. The AC Cobra, sold as the Ford/Shelby AC Cobra in the United States and often known colloquially as the Shelby Cobra in that country, is an American-engined British sports car produced intermittently since 1962.
History and development[edit] Like many British specialist manufacturers, AC Cars had been using the Bristol straight-6 engine in its small-volume production, including its AC Ace two-seater roadster. This had a hand-built body with a steel tube frame, and aluminium body panels that were made using English wheeling machines. The engine was a pre-World War II design of BMW which by the 1960s was considered dated. Bristol decided in 1961 to cease production of its engine and instead to use Chrysler 331 cu in (5.4 L) V8 engines. Production[edit] Production proved to be easy, since AC had already made most of the modifications needed for the small-block V8 when they installed the 2.6 L Ford Zephyr engine, including the extensive rework of the AC Ace's front end bodywork.
Coupé[edit] Ice cream van. Volkswagen Golf Mk1. The Volkswagen Golf Mk1 is a compact car, the first generation of the Volkswagen Golf and the successor to the Volkswagen Beetle. Presented in May 1974,[3] it was intended by Volkswagen as a modern front-wheel-drive, hatchback replacement for the ageing Beetle. History[edit] A post-facelift VW Golf rear A pre-facelift VW Golf Mk1 A pre-facelift VW Golf Mk1 rear Volkswagen Golf 1976 Mk1 (Australia) Replacing the Beetle was a vital goal for Volkswagen's continued survival. The solution arrived with Auto Union. Model history[edit] The first Golf (VW internal designation Typ 17) began production in 1974, although it was marketed in the United States and Canada from 1975 to 1984 as the Volkswagen Rabbit and in Mexico as the Volkswagen Caribe.
The Golf was designed by Italian automobile architect / designer Giorgetto Giugiaro, of the ItalDesign design studio. Volkswagen Golf GTI[edit] Mark 1 Golf GTI Golf Cabriolet[edit] Mark 1 Golf Cabriolet South Africa (Citi Golf)[edit] Volkswagen Citi Golf. 800px-1963 Jaguar XK-E Roadster. Transit van. T-34. The T-34 was a Soviet medium tank which had a profound and permanent effect on the fields of tank tactics and design. First deployed in 1940, it has often been described as the most effective, efficient, and influential design of World War II.[5] [6] At its introduction, the T-34 possessed the best balance of firepower, mobility, protection, and ruggedness of any tank (though its initial battlefield effectiveness suffered due to a variety of factors).
Its 76.2 mm (3 in) high-velocity gun was the best tank gun in the world at that time; its heavy sloped armour was impenetrable by standard anti-tank weapons; and it was very agile. Though its armour and armament were surpassed later in the war, when they first encountered it in battle in 1941 German tank generals von Kleist and Guderian called it "the deadliest tank in the world. "[7][8] The T-34 was the mainstay of Soviet armoured forces throughout World War II.
Development and production[edit] Origins[edit] Initial production[edit] M4 Sherman. The M4 Sherman, officially the Medium Tank, M4, was the primary battle tank used by the United States and the other Western Allies in World War II, and proved to be a reliable and highly mobile workhorse, despite being outmatched by heavier German tanks late in the war. Thousands were distributed to the Allies, including the British Commonwealth and the Soviet Union, in the lend-lease program.
The M4 was the second most produced tank of the World War II era, after the Soviet T-34, and its role in its parent nation's victory was comparable to that of the T-34. The tank took its name from the American Civil War General William Tecumseh Sherman. The M4 Sherman evolved from the M3 Medium Tank (a.k.a. Grant and Lee), which had an unusual side-sponson mounted 75 mm gun. When the M4 tank arrived in North Africa in 1942, it was clearly superior to both the German Panzer III medium tank, with its 50 mm gun, and the older versions of the Panzer IV armed with the short barreled 75 mm gun. Land Rover Series. The Land Rover Series I, II, and III (commonly referred to as series Land Rovers, to distinguish them from later models) are off-road vehicles produced by the British manufacturer Land Rover that were inspired by the US-built Willys Jeep. In 1992, Land Rover claimed that 70% of all the vehicles they had built were still in use. Series models feature leaf-sprung suspension with selectable two or four-wheel drive (4WD); though the Stage 1 V8 version of the Series III featured permanent 4WD.
All three models could be started with a front hand crank and had the option of a rear power takeoff for accessories. Development[edit] The Land Rover was conceived by the Rover Company in 1947 during the aftermath of World War II. Maurice Wilks, Rover's chief designer came up with a plan to produce a light agricultural and utility vehicle, of a similar concept to the Willys Jeep used in the war, but with an emphasis on agricultural use.
Series I[edit] 1948 Land Rover 80 in Tickford Estate Series II[edit] Classic Vehicles.