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Neurodegeneration is the umbrella term for the progressive loss of structure or function of neurons , including death of neurons.

European Federation of Neurological Associations

Blood-brain barrier

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood%E2%80%93brain_barrier

The astrocytes type 1 surrounding capillaries in the brain

Adenosine

Adenosine (ADO) is a purine nucleoside comprising a molecule of adenine attached to a ribose sugar molecule ( ribofuranose ) moiety via a β-N 9 - glycosidic bond .

A New Way To Breach The Blood-brain Barrier

http://medicalxpress.com/news/2011-09-breaching-blood-brain-barrier-year-old-puzzle.html

Cornell University researchers may have solved a 100-year puzzle: How to safely open and close the blood-brain barrier so that therapies to treat Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis and cancers of the central nervous system might effectively be delivered. ( Journal of Neuroscience , Sept. 14, 2011.)

Breaching the blood-brain barrier: Researchers may have solved 100-year-old puzzle

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/09/110919151313.htm

Engineers use short ultrasound pulses to reach neurons through blood-brain barrier

Sep. 20, 2011 — Columbia Engineering researchers have developed a new technique to reach neurons through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and deliver drugs safely and noninvasively. Up until now, scientists have thought that long ultrasound pulses, which can inflict collateral damage, were required.

http://discovermagazine.com/2011/nov/10-the-brain-maybe-do-need-hole-head-let-medicine-in/article_view?b_start:int=0&-C=

These days, researchers unraveling the workings of the brain’s filter are trying to find similar kinds of passageways so they can get drugs past it too.