Microwulf: A Personal, Portable Beowulf Cluster. Inc., The Supercomputer Company - About Cray - History. Cray Inc. builds upon a rich history that extends back to 1972, when the legendary Seymour Cray, the "father of supercomputing," founded Cray Research. R&D and manufacturing were based in his hometown of Chippewa Falls, Wisconsin; business headquarters were in Minneapolis, Minnesota. The first Cray-1™ system was installed at Los Alamos National Laboratory in 1976 for $8.8 million. It boasted a world-record speed of 160 million floating-point operations per second (160 megaflops) and an 8 megabyte (1 million word) main memory. The Cray-1's architecture reflected its designer's penchant for bridging technical hurdles with revolutionary ideas. In order to increase the speed of this system, the Cray-1 had a unique "C" shape which enabled integrated circuits to be closer together.
No wire in the system was more than four feet long. In order to concentrate his efforts on design, Cray left the CEO position in 1980 and became an independent contractor. The History of the Development of Parallel Computing. ==================================================== Gregory V. Wilson gvw@cs.toronto.edu From the crooked timber of humanity No straight thing was ever made ==================================================== [1] IBM introduces the 704.
Principal architect is Gene Amdahl; it is the first commercial machine with floating-point hardware, and is capable of approximately 5 kFLOPS. [2] IBM starts 7030 project (known as STRETCH) to produce supercomputer for Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) . [3] LARC (Livermore Automatic Research Computer) project begins to design supercomputer for Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). [4] Atlas project begins in the U.K. as joint venture between University of Manchester and Ferranti Ltd. . [5] Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) founded. [6] Control Data Corporation (CDC) founded. [7] Bull of France announces the Gamma 60 with multiple functional units and fork & join operations in its instruction set. 19 are later built. [13] E. . [16] C. . [100] H. Vector processor. Other CPU designs may include some multiple instructions for vector processing on multiple (vectorised) data sets, typically known as MIMD (Multiple Instruction, Multiple Data) and realized with VLIW.
Such designs are usually dedicated to a particular application and not commonly marketed for general purpose computing. In the Fujitsu FR-V VLIW/vector processor both technologies are combined. History[edit] Early work[edit] Vector processing development began in the early 1960s at Westinghouse in their Solomon project. In 1962, Westinghouse cancelled the project, but the effort was restarted at the University of Illinois as the ILLIAC IV. A computer for operations with functions was presented and developed by Kartsev in 1967.[1] Supercomputers[edit] The first successful implementation of vector processing appears to be the Control Data Corporation STAR-100 and the Texas Instruments Advanced Scientific Computer (ASC). Cray J90 processor module with four scalar/vector processors SIMD[edit] Beowulf.org: The Beowulf Cluster Site. Condor Project Homepage. What is Condor? HTCondor is a specialized workload management system for compute-intensive jobs. Like other full-featured batch systems, HTCondor provides a job queueing mechanism, scheduling policy, priority scheme, resource monitoring, and resource management.
Users submit their serial or parallel jobs to HTCondor, HTCondor places them into a queue, chooses when and where to run the jobs based upon a policy, carefully monitors their progress, and ultimately informs the user upon completion. While providing functionality similar to that of a more traditional batch queueing system, HTCondor's novel architecture allows it to succeed in areas where traditional scheduling systems fail. HTCondor can be used to manage a cluster of dedicated compute nodes (such as a "Beowulf" cluster). The ClassAd mechanism in HTCondor provides an extremely flexible and expressive framework for matching resource requests (jobs) with resource offers (machines).
History of Linux. Visits since July 2002 version 2.2.0 by Department of Computer Science University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign This article is hosted at : [ Hebrew ] | [ Bulgarian ] [ Japanese ] [ Chinese ] [ Romanian ] [ Portuguese ] {*style:<b><u> Table of Contents </u></b>*} {*style:<b> a. </b>*} It was 1991, and the ruthless agonies of the cold war were gradually coming to an end. But still, something was missing. And it was the none other than the Operating Systems, where a great void seemed to have appeared. For one thing, DOS was still reigning supreme in its vast empire of personal computers.
The other dedicated camp of computing was the Unix world. A solution seemed to appear in form of . As an operating system, MINIX was not a superb one. And one of them was Linus Torvalds. Back b. In 1991, Linus Benedict Torvalds was a second year student of Computer Science at the University of Helsinki and a self-taught hacker. That was too much of a delay for Linus.
PS. Needs? Designing a Cluster Computer. Designing a Cluster Computer Choosing a processor Best performance for the price ==> PC (currently dual-Xeon systems) If maximizing memory and/or disk is important, choose faster workstations For maximum bandwidth, more expensive workstations may be needed HINT benchmark developed at the SCL, or a similar benchmark based on the DAXPY kernel shown below, show the performance of each processor for a range of problem sizes. Designing the network Netpipe graphs can be very useful in characterizing the different network interconnects, at least from a point-to-point view. Which OS? Loading up the software Assembling the cluster Pre-built clusters . Cluster administration OSCAR is a fully integrated software bundle designed to make it easy to build a cluster. Links to more advanced topics Ames Laboratory | Condensed Matter Physics | Disclaimer | ISU Physics. Computer cluster. Set of computers configured in a distributed computing system Clusters are usually deployed to improve performance and availability over that of a single computer, while typically being much more cost-effective than single computers of comparable speed or availability.[3] Computer clusters emerged as a result of the convergence of a number of computing trends including the availability of low-cost microprocessors, high-speed networks, and software for high-performance distributed computing.
[citation needed] They have a wide range of applicability and deployment, ranging from small business clusters with a handful of nodes to some of the fastest supercomputers in the world such as IBM's Sequoia.[4] Prior to the advent of clusters, single-unit fault tolerant mainframes with modular redundancy were employed; but the lower upfront cost of clusters, and increased speed of network fabric has favoured the adoption of clusters. Basic concepts[edit] History[edit] Attributes of clusters[edit]