Choking on China. China is the world’s worst polluter -- home to 16 of the 20 dirtiest cities and the largest emitter of greenhouse gases. Recent headlines have been shocking: 16,000 decaying pig carcasses in Shanghai’s Whampoa River, dire air quality reports in Beijing, and hundreds of thousands of people dying prematurely because of environmental degradation. Most recently, the country has been shaken by a mysterious virus, H7N9, which has already killed six people and has spurred health authorities to order the slaughter of thousands of pigeons, chickens, and ducks thought to carry it. In the United States, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention has begun work on an H7N9 vaccine.
The dangers of China’s environmental degradation go well beyond the country’s borders, as pollution threatens global health more than ever. A garbage dump on the outskirts of Jincheng, in north China's Shanxi province, 2007. Smokestacks near a statue of Chairman Mao Zedong in Wuhan, Hubei province, 2006. Register.
The New Politics of Human Security - Desai - 2011 - Global Policy. Workingpaper2.pdf (application/pdf Object) Climate_change,_human_security_and_violent_conflict.pdf (application/pdf Object) Human_security_concept_and_measurement.pdf (application/pdf Object) Human Security Backgrounder. What is 'human security'? Human security is the combination of threats associated with war, genocide, and the displacement of populations.
At a minimum, human security means freedom from violence and from the fear of violence. How does human security differ from national security? Unlike traditional concepts of security, which focus on defending borders from external military threats, human security is concerned with the security of individuals. Human security and national security should be—and often are—mutually reinforcing. But secure states do not automatically mean secure peoples. When did the concept of human security come to prominence? The United Nations Development Programme first drew global attention to the concept in its 1994 Human Development Report (HDR).The report’s broad definition of human security encompasses everything that constitutes freedom from want and freedom from fear.
Which threats are considered human security issues? Additional Readings Schnabel, Albrecht. Human security. Human security is an emerging paradigm for understanding global vulnerabilities whose proponents challenge the traditional notion of national security by arguing that the proper referent for security should be the individual rather than the state. Human security holds that a people-centred, multi-disciplinary understanding of security involving a number of research fields, including development studies, international relations, strategic studies, and human rights.
The United Nations Development Programme's 1994 Human Development Report[1] is considered a milestone publication in the field of human security, with its argument that insuring "freedom from want" and "freedom from fear" for all persons is the best path to tackle the problem of global insecurity.[2] Origins[edit] The emergence of the human security discourse was the product of a convergence of factors at the end of the Cold War.
Concept[edit] UNDP's 1994 definition[edit] Dr. Franklin D. G. Relationship with development[edit] Human Development Index. World map indicating the category of Human Development Index by country (based on 2013 data; published July 24, 2014). The 2010 Human Development Report introduced an Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI). While the simple HDI remains useful, it stated that "the IHDI is the actual level of human development (accounting for inequality)" and "the HDI can be viewed as an index of 'potential' human development (or the maximum IHDI that could be achieved if there were no inequality)".[3] Origins[edit] Dimensions and calculation[edit] New method (2010 Report onwards)[6][edit] Published on 4 November 2010 (and updated on 10 June 2011), starting with the 2010 Human Development Report the HDI combines three dimensions: A long and healthy life: Life expectancy at birthEducation index: Mean years of schooling and Expected years of schoolingA decent standard of living: GNI per capita (PPP US$) In its 2010 Human Development Report, the UNDP began using a new method of calculating the HDI. 1.
Human Security Gateway - Home. Overview-Human Security Report 2009/2010. On 2 December 2010, the Human Security Report Project (HSRP) released the Human Security Report 2009/2010: The Causes of Peace and The Shrinking Costs of War. Part I of the new Report examines the forces and political developments that have driven down the number of international conflicts and war deaths since the 1950s, and the number of civil wars since the early 1990s. It argues that the fact that these forces persist, or have strengthened, provides grounds for cautious optimism about the future of global security. Part II examines the paradox of mortality rates that decline during the overwhelming majority of today’s wars, as well as the challenges and controversies involved in measuring indirect war deaths—those caused by war-exacerbated disease and malnutrition.
Part III, “Trends in Human Insecurity,” reviews recent trends in conflict numbers and death tolls around the world, and updates the conflict and other trend data in previous HSRP publications. Human Security Report Project: About Us. The Human Security Report Project (HSRP) is an independent research centre affiliated with Simon Fraser University (SFU) in Vancouver, Canada. Formerly located at the University of British Columbia and known as the Human Security Centre, the HSRP joined SFU in May of 2007.
The HSRP tracks global and regional trends in organized violence, their causes and consequences. Research findings and analyses are published in the Human Security Report, Human Security Brief series, and the miniAtlas of Human Security. HSRP publications have received major coverage in the international media and are regularly cited by national governments, international agencies, and NGOs, as well as the research community. The HSRP also produces a range of online data, research, and news resources covering a broad range of global security issues.
HumanSecurity > Home. Human Security Unit. Millennium Development Goals. The Millennium Development Goals are a UN initiative. The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are eight international development goals that were established following the Millennium Summit of the United Nations in 2000, following the adoption of the United Nations Millennium Declaration. All 189 United Nations member states at the time (there are 193 currently) and at least 23 international organizations committed to help achieve the Millennium Development Goals by 2015, the goals follow: Each goal has specific targets and dates for achieving those targets. To accelerate progress, the G8 Finance Ministers agreed in June 2005 to provide enough funds to the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the African Development Bank (AfDB) to cancel $40 to $55 billion in debt owed by members of the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) to allow them to redirect resources to programs for improving health and education and for alleviating poverty.
Background[edit] Precursors[edit] Food security politics and the millennium development goals. 1266.pdf (application/pdf Object) The Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world, Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people, Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law, Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between nations, Whereas Member States have pledged themselves to achieve, in co-operation with the United Nations, the promotion of universal respect for and observance of human rights and fundamental freedoms, Article 1.
Article 2. Article 3. 133 Banda.pdf (application/pdf Object) Human Security in Africa FINAL.pdf (application/pdf Object)