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Essential fatty acid
Essential fatty acids , or EFAs , are fatty acids that humans and other animals must ingest because the body requires them for good health but cannot synthesize them. [ 1 ] The term "essential fatty acid" refers to fatty acids required for biological processes but does not include the fats that only act as fuel.alpha-Linolenic acid
A super-memory smart drug?
But note the figure above: in mice that have been genetically engineering to inhibit PKR (right), the result is to lower GABA release. We know that GABA, the brain’s major inhibitory neurotransmitter, has an anti-anxiety or calming effect, which is why tranquilizers increase GABA production. So could using the PKR inhibitor drug also lead to increased anxiety? PKA (RNA acrivated protein kinase, works in cell transmissions) inhibion also leads to increased memory and learning ability by Jan 22
Environmental exposure to organochlorines may impact male reproduction
Food additive
Food additives are substances added to food to preserve flavor or enhance its taste and appearance. Some additives have been used for centuries; for example, preserving food by pickling (with vinegar ), salting , as with bacon , preserving sweets or using sulfur dioxide as in some wines .
A hormone that fights fat with fat (10/12/2011)
This finding prompted the team to look at the mice's brown fat-a source of thermogenesis. What they found is that brown fat in mice lacking orexin didn't develop properly at the embryonic stage. This shortage had lasting effects on energy expenditure and weight even in adulthood. by Oct 13
Enzymatic synthesis of pyrrolysine, the mysterious 22nd amino acid (11/24/2011)
With few exceptions, all known proteins are built up from only twenty amino acids. 25 years ago scientists discovered a 21st amino acid, selenocysteine and ten years ago a 22nd, the pyrrolysine.
This reaction was not only hitherto unknown, it is also very difficult to catalyze. It is a cluster of four iron and four sulfur atoms in the active site of the enzyme that is the key to the conversion. "This is a really unusual enzymatic reaction. Up to now no chemist in the laboratory is able to synthesize methylornithine in a one-step reaction starting from lysine," says Michael Groll. by Dec 18
they caught the enzyme literally "in the act": at the time of crystallization the reaction product, methylornithine, had not left the enzyme. It adhered to a confined space, a kind of "reaction vessel", still in connection with the centers of the enzyme responsible for its creation. by Dec 18
In March 2011, scientists at Ohio State University succeeded in deciphering parts of the manufacturing process of pyrrolysine. They proposed a reaction mechanism suggesting that the enzyme PylB catalyzes the first step of pyrrolysine biosynthesis by converting the amino acid lysine to the intermediate product metyhlornithine. Scientists headed by Michael Groll, Professor of Biochemistry at the TUM-Department of Chemistry, could now elucidate the crystalline structure of PylB using X-ray structure analysis. by Dec 18