Bible. Collection of religious texts The Bible (from Koine Greek τὰ βιβλία, tà biblía, 'the books') is a collection of religious texts or scriptures that are held to be sacred in Christianity, Judaism, Samaritanism, and many other religions. The Bible is an anthology – a compilation of texts of a variety of forms – originally written in Hebrew, Aramaic, and Koine Greek.
These texts include instructions, stories, poetry, and prophecies, among other genres. The collection of materials that are accepted as part of the Bible by a particular religious tradition or community is called a biblical canon. Believers in the Bible generally consider it to be a product of divine inspiration, but the way they understand what that means and interpret the text can vary. The religious texts were compiled by different religious communities into various official collections. Christianity began as an outgrowth of Judaism, using the Septuagint as the basis of the Old Testament. Etymology Development and history Torah. 지진. 위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전. 지진(地震, 영어: earthquake, quake, tremor, temblor)은 자연적, 인공적 원인으로 인해 지구의 표면이 흔들리는 현상이다. 흔히 자연적 원인 중 단층면에서 순간적으로 발생하는 변위 자체를 지진이라고 한다. 현상적(現象的)인 정의로는, 지각 내에 저장되어 있던 의력(歪力:strain)이 탄성진동(彈性振動) 에너지로 바뀌어 급격히 방출되는 현상으로 설명할 수 있다. 지진은 지각(地殼) 또는 맨틀 내 암석의 파괴로 인하여 일어나는 것으로 보인다. 원인[편집] 자연적 원인[편집] 자연적으로 일어나는 지진의 대부분은 대륙 이동을 설명하는 지질학 이론인 판 구조론과 관련되어 있다.
일반적으로 변환단층에서 일어나는 지진들의 진원은 수~수십 km 정도이나, 진원의 깊이가 깊은 곳에서는 수백 km에 달하기도 한다. 인공적 원인[편집] 어떤 지진들은 인간에 의해 발생하기도 한다. 저수지에 의한 지진중에서 가장 큰 지진은 1967년 12월 10일 인도 마하라슈트라 서부의 코이나 지방에서 일어났던 규모 6.3의 지진이다.핵실험, 채석장 발파, 가스 폭발 등 인공적 원인을 발파 (explosion)라고 하며, 이로 인한 지반진동을 학술적으로 발파 진동(振動)이라 한다. 관련 용어[편집] 진원·진원역·진앙[편집] 지진은 지구 내부의 에너지가 축적되어 암석의 파열이 일어나는 한계를 넘어설 때 일어나는데, 그 발생 장소를 진원역(震源域)이라 한다.
지진소[편집] 지진이 일어나는 장소를 조사해 보면 지진은 그 진앙의 분포로 보든 진원의 깊이로 보든 지각 또는 상부 맨틀(mantle)의 일정한 부분에 집중적으로 일어나는 일이 많다. 지진대[편집] 옛날부터 지진이 일어나기 쉬운 곳은 띠모양으로 분포한다는 생각이 있어서 이를 지진대라고 한다. 세계의 지진활동[편집] 1931년부터 1980년까지의 약 50년 동안 전 세계에서 발생한 리히터 규모 7.0 이상의 천발지진은 490 차례이고, 이 가운데 리히터규모 8.0 이상의 지진은 무려 18회나 된다. Hebrew calendar. Jewish calendar, showing Adar II between 1927 and 1948 The Hebrew or Jewish calendar (הַלּוּחַ הָעִבְרִי, ha'luach ha'ivri) is a lunisolar calendar used today predominantly for Jewish religious observances. It determines the dates for Jewish holidays and the appropriate public reading of Torah portions, yahrzeits (dates to commemorate the death of a relative), and daily Psalm readings, among many ceremonial uses. In Israel, it is used for religious purposes, provides a time frame for agriculture and is an official calendar for civil purposes, although the latter usage has been steadily declining in favor of the Gregorian calendar.
Components[edit] Day and hours[edit] The Jewish day is of no fixed length. There is no clock in the Jewish scheme, so that a civil clock is used. Instead of the international date line convention, there are varying opinions as to where the day changes. Every hour is divided into 1080 halakim (singular: helek) or parts. Weeks[edit] Names of weekdays[edit] Passover. Shavuot. Shavuot (or Shovuos , in Ashkenazi usage; Shavuʿoth in Classical and Mizrahi Hebrew (Hebrew: שבועות, lit. "Weeks"), known as the Feast of Weeks in English and as Πεντηκοστή (Pentecost) in Ancient Greek, is a Jewish holiday that occurs on the sixth day of the Hebrew month of Sivan (late May or early June).[1] Shavuot commemorates the anniversary of the day God gave the Torah to the entire nation of Israel assembled at Mount Sinai, although the association between the giving of the Torah (Matan Torah) and Shavuot is not explicit in the Biblical text.
The holiday is one of the Shalosh Regalim, the three Biblical pilgrimage festivals. It marks the conclusion of the Counting of the Omer, and its date is directly linked to that of Passover. The Torah mandates the seven-week Counting of the Omer, beginning on the second day of Passover, to be immediately followed by Shavuot.
This counting of days and weeks is understood to express anticipation and desire for the giving of the Torah. 제1차 세계 대전. 위키백과, 우리 모두의 백과사전. 제1차 세계 대전의 참전국 연합국 동맹국 중립국 1917년 이탈리아에서 제작된 엽서로, 연합국으로 참전했던 나라의 국기가 그려져 있다. 1915년 이탈리아에서 제작된 엽서로, 연합국으로 참전했던 나라의 국기가 그려져 있다. 제1차 세계 대전(第一次世界大戰, World War I, 1914년 7월 28일 ~ 1918년 11월 11일)은 약 4년 4개월 간 지속된 최초의 세계 대전이다. 근본적으로는 식민지 세력권의 확대를 둘러싼 대립에서 비롯된 제국주의 전쟁이다. 1914년 7월 28일, 오스트리아의 세르비아에 대한 선전 포고로 시작되었다. 8월 1일에 이르면서 독일도 러시아에 선전 포고를 벌였으나, 3년 후 러시아에서는 혁명으로 군주제가 붕괴되어 전쟁을 포기했다. 이후 독일이 잇따라 잠수함을 이용한 선박의 무차별 공격으로 미국의 상선들을 침몰시키자, 미국이 참전하였다.
이 전쟁은 영국, 프랑스, 러시아 등의 주요 연합국과 독일, 오스트리아, 불가리아, 오스만 제국등의 동맹국이 양 진영의 중심이 되어 싸웠으며 약 900만 명이 전사하였다. 제1차 세계 대전 발전 배경[편집] 경제적 배경[편집] 1880년대 초반부터 본격화되기 시작한 국가 간의 산업·상업 반목 관계에 중점을 두고 있다. 철도 부설도 문제가 되었는데, 이는 보스포러스에서 티그리스 강의 바그다드까지 이루는 노선으로, 이것은 다시 바그다드에서 페르시아 만으로 이어지고 있어 인도에까지 가는 단축 노선을 가능케 하였다. 정치적 배경[편집] 제1차 세계 대전의 정치적 원인으로 가장 뚜렷이 드러나는 것은 바로 민족주의였다. 오스트리아 - 헝가리 제국[편집] 오스트리아가 1908년에 보스니아를 병합하자 대세르비아 계획은 합스부르크 가문에 대항하는 쪽으로 방향을 바꾸었다.
기타[편집] 범인게르만운동은 1895년 창설된 범독일동맹의 집념에서 유래하였고 중앙 유럽의 모든 게르만족을 포괄하는 독일의 팽창을 모토로 한 독일 제국을 주도하였다. 외교적 배경[편집] 제1차 세계 대전 역사[편집] 서부 전선[편집] Chaim Weizmann. Chaim Azriel Weizmann (Hebrew: חיים עזריאל ויצמן, Arabic: حاييم وايزمان Ḥayīm Wayzman; 27 November 1874 – 9 November 1952) was a Zionist leader and Israeli statesman who served as President of the Zionist Organization and later as the First President of Israel. He was elected on 1 February 1949, and served until his death in 1952. Weizmann convinced the United States government to recognize the newly formed state of Israel. Biography[edit] Weizmann was born in the village of Motal near Pinsk in Belarus (at that time part of the Russian Empire). In 1892, Weizmann left for Germany to study chemistry.
He was married to Vera Weizmann.[6] The couple had two sons. His nephew Ezer Weizman also became president of Israel. In 2005, he was voted the 45th-greatest Israeli of all time, in a poll by the Israeli news website Ynet to determine whom the general public considered the 200 Greatest Israelis.[8] Political career[edit] Weizmann's passport photo, ca. 1915 First president of Israel[edit] Arthur Balfour. Balfour was seen as an ambivalent personality and a weak Prime Minister.
His embrace of the imperial preference championed by Joseph Chamberlain was nuanced, but brought resignations and the end of his spell as party leader. He opposed Irish Home Rule, saying there could be no half-way house between Ireland remaining within the United Kingdom or becoming independent. He oversaw the Entente Cordiale, an agreement with France that influenced Britain's decision to join the First World War. In 1915 he became Foreign Secretary in David Lloyd George's wartime administration, but was frequently left out of the inner workings of government, although the declaration of 1917 promising Jews a "national home" in Palestine bore his name.
Balfour trained as a philosopher – he originated an argument against believing that human reason could determine truth – and had a detached attitude to life, epitomised by a remark attributed to him: "Nothing matters very much and few things matter at all". Changes. Balfour Declaration. The Balfour Declaration (dated 2 November 1917) was a letter from the United Kingdom's Foreign Secretary Arthur James Balfour to Baron Rothschild (Walter Rothschild, 2nd Baron Rothschild), a leader of the British Jewish community, for transmission to the Zionist Federation of Great Britain and Ireland.
His Majesty's government view with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavours to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country.[1] Background[edit] World War I[edit] In 1914, war broke out in Europe between the Triple Entente (Britain, France and the Russian Empire) and the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary and later that year, the Ottoman Empire).
Zionism[edit] "Mr. Sykes–Picot Agreement[edit] Herbert Samuel, 1st Viscount Samuel. Biography[edit] Herbert Samuel was born at Claremont No. 11 Belvidere Road, Toxteth, Liverpool in 1870. The building now houses part of The Belvedere Academy. He was the brother of Sir Stuart Samuel. He was educated at University College School in Hampstead, London and Balliol College, Oxford. He had a religious Jewish upbringing but in 1892 while at Oxford he renounced all religious belief, and wrote to his Jewish mother to inform her. In December 1916 Asquith was replaced as Prime Minister by Lloyd George. Women's rights[edit] Initially he had not been a supporter of women's suffrage but changed his position. Appointment as High Commissioner of Palestine[edit] In 1917, Britain occupied Palestine (then part of the Ottoman Empire) during the course of the First World War. 'Sir Herbert Samuel regarded as a Zionist leader, and his appointment as first step in formation of Zionist national home in the midst of Arab people contrary to their wishes.
High Commissioner of Palestine[edit] White Paper of 1939. London Conference, St. James's Palace, February 1939. Arab Palestinian delegates (foreground), Left to right: Fu'ad Saba, Yaqub Al-Ghussein, Musa Al-Alami, Amin Tamimi, Jamal Al-Husseini, Awni Abdul Hadi, George Antonious, and Alfred Roch. Facing the Arab Palestinians are the British, with Sir Neville Chamberlain presiding. To his right is Lord Halifax, and to his left, Malcolm MacDonald The paper also provided (as alternative to partition) for creating an independent Palestine to be governed by Palestinian Arabs and Jews in proportion to their numbers in the population by 1939 (section I). The White Paper was published as Cmd 6019. Background[edit] During World War I, the British had made two promises regarding territory in the Middle East.
In June 1922 the League of Nations approved the Palestine Mandate with effect from September 1923. Following Adolf Hitler's rise to power, a growing number of European Jews were prepared to spend the money necessary to enter Palestine. Content[edit]