Dean Space Drive prototype patent secrets, How it Works. The reaping of centrifugal force from rotary motion for propulsion has stumped us humans for centuries. The paradox, it seems, lay in the way we tend to think about our world at large. In the past, inventors and engineers generally thought in terms of how to make it work by manipulating mechanical matter and energy (preferably electricity). The quest is, and always was, to generate unbalanced impulses from a system that is physically symmetric. But the enigma of inertial propulsion had a simple solution all along. Maybe just knowing how to do something is not as important as knowing when to do it. Norman L. How do you change the flow of time?
Let’s say your estranged uncle died and left you with 100 brand new cars and they were just delivered to your backyard. This is how a Dean Drive works. The system is still balanced, only the time varies within that system. Levitating Loafers and Cool CAT Fission Endnotes / Bibliography [8] Wayne I. Steven's article continues ... Artificial photosynthesis. A sample of a photoelectric cell in a lab environment. Catalysts are added to the cell, which is submerged in water and illuminated by simulated sunlight. The bubbles seen are oxygen (forming on the front of the cell) and hydrogen (forming on the back of the cell). Artificial photosynthesis is a chemical process that replicates the natural process of photosynthesis, a process that converts sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into carbohydrates and oxygen.
The term is commonly used to refer to any scheme for capturing and storing the energy from sunlight in the chemical bonds of a fuel (a solar fuel). Photocatalytic water splitting converts water into protons (and eventually hydrogen) and oxygen, and is a main research area in artificial photosynthesis. Light-driven carbon dioxide reduction is another studied process, replicating natural carbon fixation.
Overview[edit] Two approaches are generally recognized in the construction of solar fuel cells for hydrogen production:[9] History[edit] Chelation therapy. Chelation therapy is a technique which involves the administration of chelating agents to remove heavy metals from the body. Chelation therapy has a long history of use in clinical toxicology [1] and remains in use for some very specific medical treatments, although it is administered under very careful medical supervision due to various inherent risks.[2] The use of chelation as alternative therapy can prove fatal,[3] and medical evidence does not support the effectiveness of chelation therapy for any purpose other than the treatment of heavy metal poisoning.[3] The U.S.
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) considers over-the-counter (OTC) chelation products to be "unapproved".[4] History[edit] Chelating agents were introduced into medicine as a result of the use of poison gas in World War I. After World War II, a large number of navy personnel suffered from lead poisoning as a result of their jobs repainting the hulls of ships. Other chelating agents have been discovered. [edit] Cancer[edit] Synthesis of ammonia directly from air and water at ambient temperature and pressure : Scientific Reports. In most reports, H2 and N2 were commonly used as precursors for electrochemical synthesis of ammonia while H2 production and N2 separation are essential4. H2 production can be bypassed if H2O was used as a precursor; however, the reaction between H2O and N2 to form ammonia is thermodynamically non-spontaneous under normally pressure (Fig. 2B); however, this can be achieved through electrochemical process because the applied voltage provides extra driving force.
Although there are a few reports on electrochemical synthesis of ammonia from N2 and H2O at 570°C15 or 300°C22, 23, the formed ammonia tends to decompose to N2 and H2 because thermodynamically the decompositiontemperature of ammonia is around 175°C (Fig. 2A). Therefore, a synthesis temperature below 175°C is required in order to avoid decomposition of formed ammonia. In order to demonstrate that the produced ammonia is from the electrochemical process, the maximum amount of dissolved ammonia has been estimated. The New Storage Economy. Energy storage represents one of the largest markets in greentech. It is also one of the least developed. In this perspective arranged by EnerG2, Jay Inslee, the Democratic Congressional Representative from Washington, and Michael Butler, co-founder of Cascadia Capital, explain how the U.S. both needs energy storage and how it could take the lead in developing it.
Energy Storage and America's New Energy Economy by Rep. Jay Inslee This is a busy season for policymakers who are concerned with energy and climate change. No matter what happens in Washington and Copenhagen, however, we must remain focused on America's clean-energy future. Building a clean and economically beneficial energy system in our country will require the most innovative energy storage technologies possible. Private capital has been an enormous catalyst in driving the energy storage revolution thus far. That's where energy storage comes in, and where energy storage becomes central to our nation's new energy economy. 1. Maxwell and the Promise of Ultracapacitors. Market researchers predict that the ultracapacitor (a.k.a. supercapacitor or double-layer capacitor) market will grow rapidly in the coming years, reaching $500 million by 2011 or 2012. This growth will likely be driven by the automotive and transportation sector, as well as by applications in renewable energy, consumer electronics and industrial power management.
A battery is an energy device, while an ultracapacitor is a power device. Batteries are good for range, while the relatively new technology of ultracaps offers quick charging, discharging and acceleration for vehicles. One of the promises of ultracapacitors is their potential to reduce the size -- and therefore the cost -- of hybrid vehicle batteries. Using ultracapacitors for regenerative braking improves fuel efficiency in urban driving conditions, as ultracapacitors capture and store electrical energy (generated by braking) and release it quickly for acceleration. (Chart from Wikipedia commons) Applications in Renewable Energy. Coming to So Cal: 53 Megawatts of Ice. If they can pull it off, sheets of ice will soon cover large swaths of the California power grid. The Southern California Public Power Authority and Ice Energy will tomorrow talk about a strategy to deploy ice air conditioners on a broad scale in the region in part by shifting the burden of paying for a new air conditioner from the building owner to a utility.
In one community in the program, a utility will pay for the air conditioners and own them as its own asset. Collectively, the air conditioners slated for deployment in Southern California could lead to 53 megawatts worth of energy storage. Put another way, the air conditioner/energy storage units could provide 64 gigawatt hours of daytime power each year. Ice air conditioners work by effectively shifting the power required to run air conditioners from the middle of the afternoon, when power costs the most and demand is highest, to nighttime, when utilities often have to dump the power they generate because of slack demand.
Breakthrough in Energy Storage: Isentropic Energy. It's almost cliche to claim that large-scale energy storage is the holy grail or missing link of renewable energy. (That will not stop me from using that bromide a bit longer, however.) Today, the only economical method of storing energy at a large scale is pumped hydro (pumped hydro accounts for almost all large-scale electricity storage) or Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES). Unfortunately, both of those technologies require easy access to an immense airtight underground cavern or a couple of large reservoirs. I've quoted Haresh Kamath of EPRI's Technology Innovation Group as saying, "Storage is a great idea -- except for the cost. " According to this EPRI spokesman, the technologies that are most likely to reach commercialization in the near term are Lithium-ion batteries and Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES).
Jonathan Howes, the Chief Technical Officer of U.K. start-up Isentropic Energy, is out to prove otherwise. Pumped Heat Electricity Storage (Table from Isentropic Energy) Doty Energy - Beyond Biofuels - Carbon-neutral WindFuels. Ultracapacitors: Emerging Technologies for High-Power Energy Storage - GTM Research. InShare0 February 01, 2010 | Eric Smalley Energy storage is a critical piece of the clean energy revolution, especially in transportation and renewable energy generation. Ultracapacitors are poised to play a pivotal role in energy storage by meeting the needs of high-power applications: acceleration power and braking energy capture for hybrid and electric vehiclesacceleration power and braking energy capture for trainssmoothing the flow of energy from wind and solar onto the grid ERN Research's in-depth report provides a comprehensive view the state of research and development in electrochemical capacitors for transportation, grid and industrial applications.
Find out: how ultracapacitors will change hybrid/electric vehicles, rail and renewable energyhow ultracapacitor technology is changingwho is driving the change ERN Research's Energy R&D Reports include comprehensive directories of companies and researchers with entries listing key research, intellectual property and funding. Home - Pilus Energy | Proprietary clean technology to extract values stored in wastewater | Cincinnati, Ohio. Bob Metcalfe of Polaris on Startup Sun Catalytix. Renewable energy start-up Sun Catalytix' history, so far, is a good example of early-stage VCs doing their job and scientists doing theirs. MIT Professor Daniel Nocera had a discovery that, according to VC investor Bob Metcalfe, "mimicked photosynthesis with inorganic chemistry. " Nocera's Lab at MIT studies the basic mechanisms of energy conversion in biology and chemistry.
Polaris swept in before Nocera published his paper, got a license from MIT's Technology Licensing Office, and seed-funded the company. Amir Nashat, another MIT chemist, as well as a general partner at Polaris, became Sun Catalytix' founding CEO. Polaris has been busy helping on the personnel front -- bolstering the ranks of the company's technical and operational team, as well as establishing an impressive Scientific Advisory Board. In late January, Sun Catalytix signed a contract for over $4 million in funding from the U.S. Nocera sees this system as the potential enabler of the hydrogen economy. Residential - NYSERDA. Hydrogen-Harvesting Catalysts From the Sun. Sun Catalytix has raised $3 million in venture capital to its coffer as the company sets out to make cheap hydrogen energy storage.
The one-year-old startup in Cambridge, Mass., seeks to use solar electricity to split water molecules to harvest hydrogen, which would sit in a tank before being fed to a fuel cell to generate electricity at night or otherwise employed as a transportation fuel. Electricity storage would be the company's primary focus, said Bob Metcalfe, a partner at Polaris and a member of the startup's board of directors. Conventional means of extracting hydrogen requires clean water, and water purification equipment can be costly, Metcalfe said. The startup's catalyst, on the other hand, would use cheap, an inorganic compound that doesn't require clean water. "This new catalyst will take dirty water, salt water," he said. It also would have a longer lifespan by mimicking photosynthesis, where proteins in organisms convert sunlight to produce sugars. Start-up zeros in on hydrogen fuel cells. Michael Lefenfeld and James Dye of Signa Chemistry wanted to make rooms smell better.
Instead, they stumbled on a way that could make hydrogen fuel cells a practical reality. New York City-based Signa says it has come up with a new--and fairly efficient--way to produce hydrogen, one of the vexing problems for boosters of the hydrogen economy. Conceivably, the company's technology could be incorporated into fuel cells that could generate enough electricity to run a cell phone for a week, or a car in emergency situations.
The company's techniques could also reduce cost and complexity for pharmaceutical manufacturers and petroleum refiners. The key is sodium, the ornery alkali metal that bursts into sparks when dunked in water. Signa has devised a way to mix sodium with silica gel or crystalline silicon to create a powder that essentially strips electrons from the sodium molecules in advance and stores them. Just as important, the powder generates hydrogen efficiently. Stanford project mixes Darwin with hydrogen. PALO ALTO, Calif. --A research project at Stanford University is trying to determine whether survival of the fittest can help humanity build better cars. Researchers at the university, led by chemical engineering professor James Swartz, have discovered a soil microorganism that absorbs photons and subsequently metabolizes the energy to split water, a chemical reaction that produces hydrogen, Jim Plummer, Stanford's dean of engineering, said during a presentation at the AlwaysOn conference taking place at the university this week.
"Instead of using it (the energy from sunlight) to grow, it uses it to split water molecules," Plummer said. Unfortunately, the microorganism in its natural state is anaerobic, which means it dies when exposed to large concentrations of oxygen. To get around this problem, the researchers produce millions of the bugs and expose them to a low concentration of oxygen.
Hydrogen is seen as a potential fuel source for cars, among other applications. A Virus That Might Make Hydrogen. Viruses: they are the latest candidate for energy storage. A team of scientists lead by material science professor Angela Belcher has genetically modified a virus that can exploit sunlight to split water into oxygen and hydrogen. If it works and can be commercialized, the process could help solve the vexing problem of energy storage and the equally vexing problem of producing hydrogen in a reasonable and cost-effective way. Hydrogen remains -- in theory -- one of the most efficient vehicles for storing energy: the gas can be bottled until the electrons needed to be stripped from the hydrogen molecules. Unfortunately, most manufacturers generate hydrogen by cracking methane, thereby releasing large amounts of carbon dioxide, or by electrolyzing water, an energy-intensive process that can be expensive. The group genetically modified a virus, M13, to bind a catalyst (iridium oxide) and a biological pigment.
Belcher is one the leaders in the field of industrial microbiology. Energy Storage Medley: Hydrogen, CAES, Li-ion, NaS, NiCad… Energy storage remains one of the missing pieces of a widespread renewable energy future. Despite Amory Lovins' arguable claim that renewables in tandem with energy efficiency can serve as effective baseload power, we absolutely need a larger role for energy storage to make renewables effective. And, Mr. Lovins, please note, for the foreseeable future -- we still need fossil fuels and nuclear power. Many Storage Technologies, Many Applications Utility-scale energy storage in the field today is limited to pumped hydro, a few large deployments using compressed air energy storage (CAES), hundreds of megawatts of sodium sulphur (NaS) batteries, mostly in Japan, and some experiments with banks of lithium-ion batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries and regenerative fuel cells (flow batteries).
Improvements in batteries, fuel cells, hydrogen storage, ultracapacitors, flywheels, phase-change materials, SMES, etc., will come from incremental advances in materials science. Energy Storage Policy. Can a Country Get 90 Percent of Its Power From Renewables? Slideshow: DOE Energy Storage Project Portfolio Funded by ARRA. Bright Energy’s Twist on CAES: Use the Ocean. Technology - LightSail Energy. IKAROS. Technology - LightSail Energy. Solar Energy. Www.teslamotors.com/sites/default/files/blog_attachments/hyperloop_alpha3.pdf. SATCAT Boxscore. Hyperloop. BUCKYPAPER. GEEK. Phys.org - News and Articles on Science and Technology.