Properties - The Python Saga - Part 3. Properties come out of a tired programming language genesis. In the beginning, there were structs. The trouble with structs was that an opaque data structure could not programmatically monitor or intercept access and mutation of its member data. So that's not a big deal; we could solve the problem with classes. The best practice to avoid programming yourself into a corner was to never expose a datum; you would write accessor and mutator functions, whether you needed them at the moment or not.
Thus, as your design grew, you could eventually do nice things like validation, observation, or proxying. The trouble with this approach was that you had to write six times as much code on the off chance you'd need to extend it some day. But it was worth it. The idea of managed properties came along eventually in various languages (Python, C#, some implementations of JavaScript, and recent versions of [C]). Lets observe this design shift in Python. Foo = Foo() foo.bar = 20 print foo.bar del foo.bar. Linux Shell Scripting Tutorial - A Beginner's handbook. Open source framework, web application software development | Flex - Adobe. The Adobe USA site has been optimized for users within the United States.
If you live outside the U.S., we recommend that you visit your local site for the most relevant information, including pricing, promotions, and local events. United States Canada - English Your country selection will be remembered for future visits. Le site web américain d'Adobe a été optimisé pour les utilisateurs résidant aux États-Unis. Canada - Français Le pays choisi sera enregistré pour vos prochaines visites. View complete list of countries › Drawing Graphics with Canvas - MDC Doc Center. Most of this content (but not the documentation on drawWindow) has been rolled into the more expansive Canvas tutorial, this page should probably be redirected there as it's now redundant but some information may still be relevant.
Introduction With Firefox 1.5, Firefox includes a new HTML element for programmable graphics. <canvas> is based on the WHATWG canvas specification, which itself is based on Apple's <canvas> implemented in Safari. It can be used for rendering graphs, UI elements, and other custom graphics on the client. <canvas> creates a fixed size drawing surface that exposes one or more rendering contexts. The 2D Rendering Context A Simple Example To start off, here's a simple example that draws two intersecting rectangles, one of which has alpha transparency: function draw() { var ctx = document.getElementById('canvas').getContext('2d'); ctx.fillStyle = "rgb(200,0,0)"; ctx.fillRect (10, 10, 55, 50); ctx.fillStyle = "rgba(0, 0, 200, 0.5)"; ctx.fillRect (30, 30, 55, 50);} draw(); Add-on Developer Hub. The Nature of Code at daniel shiffman. Joe's Blog: An intro to modern OpenGL. Chapter 1: The Graphics Pipeline.
An intro to modern OpenGL. Chapter 1: The Graphics Pipeline updated April 5, 2010 17:12:05 PDT Table of Contents | Chapter 2 » OpenGL has been around a long time, and from reading all the accumulated layers of documentation out there on the Internet, it's not always clear what parts are historic and what parts are still useful and supported on modern graphics hardware. It's about time for a new OpenGL introduction that walks through the parts that are still relevant today. Update: Join the Reddit discussion. What is OpenGL? Another recent development has been the adoption of general purpose GPU (GPGPU) libraries, including nVidia's CUDA and Khronos' OpenCL. For these tutorials, I'm going to assume you're already a programmer and that you know C, but that you haven't necessarily seen OpenGL or done graphics programming before.
Where do I get OpenGL, GLUT, and GLEW? OpenGL comes standard in some form or another on MacOS X, Windows, and most Linux distributions. The graphics pipeline Conclusion. Samples | OpenGL Code Samples. Think Python: How to Think Like a Computer Scientist. How to Think Like a Computer Scientist by Allen B. Downey This is the first edition of Think Python, which uses Python 2. If you are using Python 3, you might want to use the second edition, which is here. Buy this book at Amazon.com Download Think Python in PDF. Read Think Python in HTML. Example programs and solutions to some problems are here (links to specific examples are in the book). Description Think Python is an introduction to Python programming for beginners.
Some examples and exercises are based on Swampy, a Python package written by the author to demonstrate aspects of software design, and to give readers a chance to experiment with simple graphics and animation. Think Python is a Free Book. If you have comments, corrections or suggestions, please send me email at feedback{at}thinkpython{dot}com. Other Free Books by Allen Downey are available from Green Tea Press. Download Precompiled copies of the book are available in PDF. Earlier Versions Translations and adaptations. How to Think Like a Computer Scientist. Learning with Python by Allen Downey, Jeff Elkner and Chris Meyers. This book is now available for sale at Lulu.com. Hardcopies are no longer available from Green Tea Press. How to Think... is an introduction to programming using Python, one of the best languages for beginners. How to Think... is a Free Book available under the GNU Free Documentation License. Please send suggestions, corrections and comments about the book to feedback{at}thinkpython{dot}com.
Download The book is available in a variety of electronic formats: Precompiled copies of the book are available in PDF and Postscript . Translations Here are some translations of the book into other (natural) languages: Spanish translation by Gregorio Inda. Other Free Books by Allen Downey are available from Green Tea Press. If you are using this book and would like to make a contribution to support my work, please consider making a donation toward my web hosting bill by clicking on the icon below. Learning to program.