LINUX
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Chapter 18. TTY Drivers
A tty device gets its name from the very old abbreviation of teletypewriter and was originally associated only with the physical or virtual terminal connection to a Unix machine. Over time, the name also came to mean any serial port style device, as terminal connections could also be created over such a connection. Some examples of physical tty devices are serial ports, USB-to-serial-port converters, and some types of modems that need special processing to work properly (such as the traditional WinModem style devices). tty virtual devices support virtual consoles that are used to log into a computer, from either the keyboard, over a network connection, or through a xterm session. The Linux tty driver core lives right below the standard character driver level and provides a range of features focused on providing an interface for terminal style devices to use. The core is responsible for controlling both the flow of data across a tty device and the format of the data.This directory contains information about the available and currently used tty devices on the system. Originally called teletype devices , any character-based data terminals are called tty devices. In Linux, there are three different kinds of tty devices. Serial devices are used with serial connections, such as over a modem or using a serial cable. Virtual terminals create the common console connection, such as the virtual consoles available when pressing Alt + at the system console.
5.3.11. /proc/tty/
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Ubuntu powers millions of desktops, laptops, netbooks and servers worldwide. Secure, intuitive and lightning-fast to load, you can use and share the Ubuntu operating system with anyone you like. It is, and always will be, absolutely free.
Given that the goal of this article is to introduce you to the Linux kernel and explore its architecture and major components, let's start with a short tour of Linux kernel history, then look at the Linux kernel architecture from 30,000 feet, and, finally, examine its major subsystems. The Linux kernel is over six million lines of code, so this introduction is not exhaustive. Use the pointers to more content to dig in further. A short tour of Linux history While Linux is arguably the most popular open source operating system, its history is actually quite short considering the timeline of operating systems.
Anatomy of the Linux kernel
Table of Contents , Show Frames , No Frames A program is a set of computer instructions that perform a particular task. That program can be written in assembler, a very low level computer language, or in a high level, machine independent language such as the C programming language.
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Conceptual Architecture of the Linux Kernel
This paper describes the abstract or conceptual software architecture of the Linux kernel. This level of architecture is concerned with the large-scale subsystems within the kernel, but not with particular procedures or variables. One of the purposes of such an abstract architecture is to form a mental model for Linux developers and architects.
Reprinted with permission of Linux Journal This article outlines the VFS idea and gives an overview of the how the Linux kernel accesses its file hierarchy. The information herein refers to Linux 2.0.x (for any x) and 2.1.y (with y up to at least 18). The sample code, on the other hand, is for 2.0 only.
The "Virtual File System" in Linux
What is NFS? - A Word Definition From the Webopedia Computer Dictionary
Abbreviation of N etwork F ile S ystem, a client/server application designed by Sun Microsystems that allows all network users to access shared files stored on computers of different types. NFS provides access to shared files through an interface called the Virtual File System (VFS) that runs on top of TCP/IP . Users can manipulate shared files as if they were stored locally on the user's own hard disk . With NFS, computers connected to a network operate as clients while accessing remote files, and as servers while providing remote users access to local shared files. The NFS standards are publicly available and widely used.
Probably the most important difference (from the user’s perspective) between the DOS/Windows world and the Linux world is the organization and operation of the file system. Some ideas will seem very familiar, and others will seem completely alien, but with a good understanding of the Linux file system, you have the skill to avoid some of the most common problems experienced by new Linux users. What is a file system? Ever go looking for a book in the library? In order to find what you’re looking for, you must understand the library’s file system, or method of organization. Fiction books are easy, they use a simple type of file system commonly known as alphabetical by author.
The Linux (Virtual) File System
Shells
Buy this book at Amazon.com The goal of this book is to teach you to think like a computer scientist. This way of thinking combines some of the best features of mathematics, engineering, and natural science.
