GNU. The GNU Manifesto (which appears below) was written by Richard Stallman in 1985 to ask for support in developing the GNU operating system. Part of the text was taken from the original announcement of 1983. Through 1987, it was updated in minor ways to account for developments; since then, it seems best to leave it unchanged. Since that time, we have learned about certain common misunderstandings that different wording could help avoid. Footnotes added since 1993 help clarify these points. If you want to install the GNU/Linux system, we recommend you use one of the 100% free software GNU/Linux distributions. For how to contribute, see The GNU Project is part of the Free Software Movement, a campaign for freedom for users of software.
What's GNU? GNU, which stands for Gnu's Not Unix, is the name for the complete Unix-compatible software system which I am writing so that I can give it away free to everyone who can use it.(1) Several other volunteers are helping me. Pourquoi GNU/Linux ? By Richard Stallman Names convey meanings; our choice of names determines the meaning of what we say. An inappropriate name gives people the wrong idea. A rose by any other name would smell as sweet—but if you call it a pen, people will be rather disappointed when they try to write with it. And if you call pens “roses”, people may not realize what they are good for. If you call our operating system Linux, that conveys a mistaken idea of the system's origin, history, and purpose.
Does this really matter for our community? When I explain why it's appropriate to call the operating system GNU/Linux rather than Linux, people sometimes respond this way: Granted that the GNU Project deserves credit for this work, is it really worth a fuss when people don't give credit? This would be wise advice, if only the situation were like that—if the job were done and it were time to relax. When the nonfree “add-on” is a library or programming tool, it can become a trap for free software developers.
Le système d'exploitation GNU. Escape to Freedom (Évasion vers la liberté) : une vidéo de la FSF Qu'est-ce que GNU ? GNU est un système d'exploitation constitué de logiciel libre, c'est-à-dire qu'il respecte la liberté des utilisateurs. Le système d'exploitation GNU comprend des logiciels GNU (programmes publiés par le projet GNU) ainsi que des logiciels libres publiés par des tiers. Le développement de GNU a rendu possible l'utilisation d'un ordinateur sans logiciel susceptible de bafouer votre liberté. Nous recommandons des versions installables de GNU (plus précisément, des distributions GNU/Linux) n'incluant que des logiciels libres.
Dragora / IceWM Guix / GNOME3 Hyperbola / i3 Parabola / LXDE PureOS / GNOME3 Trisquel / MATE Qu'est-ce que le mouvement du logiciel libre ? Le mouvement du logiciel libre milite pour que les utilisateurs de l'informatique gagnent la liberté garantie par le logiciel libre. Qu'est-ce que le logiciel libre ? Le logiciel libre est affaire de liberté, pas de prix. Des précisions sur GNU. Linux et GNU. By Richard Stallman Many computer users run a modified version of the GNU system every day, without realizing it. Through a peculiar turn of events, the version of GNU which is widely used today is often called “Linux”, and many of its users are not aware that it is basically the GNU system, developed by the GNU Project. There really is a Linux, and these people are using it, but it is just a part of the system they use. Linux is the kernel: the program in the system that allocates the machine's resources to the other programs that you run.
The kernel is an essential part of an operating system, but useless by itself; it can only function in the context of a complete operating system. Many users do not understand the difference between the kernel, which is Linux, and the whole system, which they also call “Linux”. Programmers generally know that Linux is a kernel. What they found was no accident—it was the not-quite-complete GNU system. Notes: GNU. Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. GNU est un système d'exploitation libre lancé en 1983 par Richard Stallman, puis maintenu par le projet GNU. Son nom est un acronyme récursif qui signifie en anglais « GNU’s Not UNIX » (littéralement, « GNU n’est pas UNIX »). Il reprend les concepts et le fonctionnement d’UNIX[1]. Le système GNU permet l’utilisation de tous les logiciels libres, pas seulement ceux réalisés dans le cadre du projet GNU.
Historique[modifier | modifier le code] Le projet GNU initie alors en 1990 le projet de production d'un noyau nommé Hurd. Hurd ne dépassera jamais réellement le stade de curiosité de laboratoire de recherche, en revanche, le travail réalisé a permis de finaliser une variante du système GNU basée sur le noyau Linux[8]. L’esprit hacker et le projet GNU[modifier | modifier le code] Logo GNU. La philosophie du logiciel libre et la FSF[modifier | modifier le code] Stallman introduit alors la notion de copyleft, et formalise ainsi celle de logiciel libre.