Natural history

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References Aravind, L., R. L. Tatusov, Y. http://www.tolweb.org/Life_on_Earth/1

Life on Earth

http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy2.drake.brockport.edu/ehost/detail?vid=3&hid=21&sid=c2f6fd5b-c158-4b28-a58a-9a1a030ba9f6%40sessionmgr11&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=a9h&AN=57215928

EBSCOhost: Gaia Comes of Age

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UC Berkeley Press Release Agonized pose tells of dinosaur death throes By Robert Sanders, Media Relations | 06 June 2007 BERKELEY – The peculiar pose of many fossilized dinosaurs, with wide-open mouth, head thrown back and recurved tail, likely resulted from the agonized death throes typical of brain damage and asphyxiation, according to two paleontologists. http://www.berkeley.edu/news/media/releases/2007/06/06_deaththroes.shtml

06.06.2007 - Agonized pose tells of dinosaur death throes

NMNH IZ Features - leeches

Haementeria ghilianii de Filippi, 1849 USNM 59930 . The orange bead was attached to "Grandma Moses" while alive and distinguished it from other members of the University of California-Berkeley breeding colony. The Giant Amazon Leech ( Haementeria ghilianii de Filippi, 1849) is the world's largest leech, growing to a length of 18 inches (45.7 cm), and possibly living as long as 20 years. http://invertebrates.si.edu/Features/stories/haementeria.html
http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/0_0_0/evo_25 Natural selection Natural selection is one of the basic mechanisms of evolution, along with mutation, migration, and genetic drift. Darwin's grand idea of evolution by natural selection is relatively simple but often misunderstood.

Natural selection

http://ocean.si.edu/blog/witness-plastic-invasion

Witness to a Plastic Invasion | The Ocean Portal | Smithsonian Institution

It blew in for two solid days: a flotilla of plastic forks, soda bottles, rubber gloves, and other refuse. I tried to pick everything up off the beach, but when I turned around, you couldn’t tell that I had cleaned at all. When we went out in the boats, we had to go slowly in order to dodge the debris. Eventually the tide came in and swooped it all away. I was at the Smithsonian Marine Research Station on Carrie Bow , a small island on the southern end of Belize. My colleagues and I discussed where the garbage could be coming from.
http://fora.tv/2011/05/03/Tim_Flannery_Here_on_Earth Bio Stewart Brand Stewart Brand is co-founder and president of The Long Now Foundation and co-founder of Global Business Network. He created and edited the Whole Earth Catalog (National Book Award), and co-founded the Hackers Conference and The WELL.

Tim Flannery: Here on Earth

Cymothoa exigua

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cymothoa_exigua Cymothoa exigua , or the tongue-eating louse , is a parasitic crustacean of the family Cymothoidae . This parasite enters fish through the gills , and then attaches itself at the base of the fish's tongue. The female attaches to the tongue and the male attaches on the gill arches beneath and behind the female. Females are 8–29 millimetres (0.3–1.1 in) long and 4–14 mm (0.16–0.55 in) in maximum width. Males are approximately 7.5–15 mm (0.3–0.6 in) long and 3–7 mm (0.12–0.28 in) wide. [ 1 ] The parasite destroys the fish's tongue, and then attaches itself to the stub of what was once its tongue and becomes the fish's new tongue. [ 2 ] [ edit ] Behavior
http://www.edge.org/3rd_culture/pepperberg03/pepperberg_index.html

THAT DAMN BIRD"

For the past 26 years I've been studying the cognitive and communicative abilities of Grey parrots. My oldest bird, Alex, can identify about 50 different objects using English labels. He can also label seven colors, five shapes, and quantities up to and including six.
Bio Dr. Robert Sapolsky Dr. Robert Sapolsky is a professor of Biology and Neurology at Stanford University. http://fora.tv/2011/02/15/Robert_Sapolsky_Are_Humans_Just_Another_Primate

Robert Sapolsky: Are Humans Just Another Primate?

From prokaryotes to eukaryotes The complex eukaryotic cell ushered in a whole new era for life on Earth, because these cells evolved into multicellular organisms. But how did the eukaryotic cell itself evolve? How did a humble bacterium make this evolutionary leap from a simple prokaryotic cell to a more complex eukaryotic cell? The answer seems to be symbiosis — in other words, teamwork. Evidence supports the idea that eukaryotic cells are actually the descendents of separate prokaryotic cells that joined together in a symbiotic union.

From prokaryotes to eukaryotes

Biology