Historical Figures
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Marcus Garvey - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Marcus Mosiah Garvey, Jr. , ONH (17 August 1887 – 10 June 1940) [ 1 ] was a Jamaican political leader, publisher , journalist , entrepreneur , and orator who was a staunch proponent of the Black nationalism and Pan-Africanism movements, to which end he founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League ( UNIA-ACL ). [ 2 ] He founded the Black Star Line , part of the Back-to-Africa movement , which promoted the return of the African diaspora to their ancestral lands. Prior to the twentieth century, leaders such as Prince Hall , Martin Delany , Edward Wilmot Blyden , and Henry Highland Garnet advocated the involvement of the African diaspora in African affairs.
Charles-Louis de Secondat, baron de La Brède et de Montesquieu ( English pronunciation: /ˈmɒntɨskjuː/ , French pronunciation: [mɔ̃tɛskjø] ; 18 January 1689 – 10 February 1755), generally referred to as simply Montesquieu , was a French social commentator and political thinker who lived during the Enlightenment . He is famous for his articulation of the theory of separation of powers , which is taken for granted in modern discussions of government and implemented in many constitutions throughout the world. He was largely responsible for the popularization of the terms feudalism and Byzantine Empire .
Montesquieu - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jean-Jacques Rousseau - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
General will , amour-propre , moral simplicity of humanity , child-centered learning , civil religion , popular sovereignty , positive liberty
Voltaire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
François-Marie Arouet de Voltaire ( French pronunciation: [fʁɑ̃.swa ma.ʁi aʁ.wɛ] ; 21 November 1694 – 30 May 1778), better known by the pen name Voltaire ( pronounced: [vɔl.tɛːʁ] ), was a French Enlightenment writer, historian and philosopher famous for his wit and for his advocacy of civil liberties , including freedom of religion , freedom of expression , free trade and separation of church and state .
Benjamin Franklin (January 17, 1706 [ O.S. January 6, 1705 [ 1 ] ] – April 17, 1790) was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States .
Benjamin Franklin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Thomas Jefferson (April 13, 1743 (April 2, 1743 O.S. ) – July 4, 1826) was an American Founding Father who was the principal author of the United States Declaration of Independence (1776) and the third President of the United States (1801–1809).
Thomas Jefferson - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Avicenna - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥusayn ibn ʿAbd Allāh ibn Sīnā [ 2 ] ( Persian پورسينا Pur-e Sina [ˈpuːre ˈsiːnɑː] "son of Sina"; c. 980, Afshana near Bukhara – 1037, Hamadan , Iran ), commonly known as Ibn Sīnā or by his Latinized name Avicenna , was a Persian [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] polymath , who wrote almost 450 treatises on a wide range of subjects, of which around 240 have survived. In particular, 150 of his surviving treatises concentrate on philosophy and 40 of them concentrate on medicine. [ 7 ] [ 8 ] His most famous works are The Book of Healing , a vast philosophical and scientific encyclopaedia , and The Canon of Medicine , [ 9 ] which was a standard medical text at many medieval universities. [ 10 ] The Canon of Medicine was used as a text-book in the universities of Montpellier and Leuven as late as 1650. [ 11 ] Ibn Sīnā's Canon of Medicine provides a complete system of medicine according to the principles of Galen (and Hippocrates ). [ 12 ] [ 13 ]