Enneagram of Personality. History[edit] The origins and historical development of the Enneagram of Personality are matters of dispute.
Wiltse and Palmer[6] have suggested that similar ideas to the Enneagram of Personality are found in the work of Evagrius Ponticus, a Christian mystic who lived in 4th century Alexandria. Evagrius identified eight logismoi ("deadly thoughts") plus an overarching thought he called "love of self". Evagrius wrote, "The first thought of all is that of love of self (philautia); after this, [come] the eight. G. Claudio Naranjo is a Chilean-born psychiatrist who first learned about the Enneagram of Personality from Ichazo at a course in Arica, Chile.
George Gurdjieff. George Ivanovich Gurdjieff /ˈɡɜrdʒiˌɛf/ (January 13, 1866-1877?)
[1]|- October 29, 1949), also commonly referred to as Georges Ivanovich Gurdjieff and G. I. Gurdjieff, was an influential spiritual teacher of the early to mid-20th century who taught that most humans live their lives in a state of hypnotic "waking sleep", but that it is possible to transcend to a higher state of consciousness and achieve full human potential.
Gurdjieff developed a method for doing so, calling his discipline "The Work"[2] (connoting "work on oneself") or "the Method".[3] According to his principles and instructions,[4] Gurdjieff's method for awakening one's consciousness is different from that of the fakir, monk or yogi, so his discipline is also called (originally) the "Fourth Way".[5] At one point, he described his teaching as being "esoteric Christianity".[6] At different times in his life, Gurdjieff formed and closed various schools around the world to teach The Work. §Biography[edit] §Early years[edit] Oscar Ichazo. Oscar Ichazo (born 1931) is the Bolivian-born founder of the Arica School, which he established in 1968.
Work[edit] Ichazo's Enneagram of Personality theories are part of a larger body of teaching that he terms Protoanalysis. In Ichazo's teachings the enneagram figure has usually been called an enneagon. [citation needed] Ichazo's teachings are designed to help people transcend their identification with — and the suffering caused by — their own mechanistic thought and behavior patterns. Ichazo understands the fixations as aberrations from an essential state of unity. In Ichazo's teachings, a person's fixation derives from childhood subjective experience (self-perception) of psychological trauma when expectations are not met in each of the instincts.
See also[edit] Claudio Naranjo. Claudio Naranjo (born November 24, 1932, Valparaíso, Chile) is a Chilean-born psychiatrist who is considered a pioneer in integrating psychotherapy and the spiritual traditions.
He is one of the three successors named by Fritz Perls (founder of Gestalt Therapy), and a developer of the Enneagram of Personality and founder of the Seekers After Truth Institute. He is also an elder statesman of the US and global Human Potential Movement and the spiritual renaissance of the late 20th century.[1] He is the author of various books. Background and education[edit] Naranjo was born in Valparaiso. He grew up in a musical environment and after an early start at the piano he studied musical composition. Career[edit] After being graduated as a medical doctor in 1959, he was hired by the University of Chile medical school to form part of a pioneering studies center in medical anthropology (CEAM) founded by Franz Hoffman.
The accidental death of his only son in 1970 marked a turning-point in his life. 1 - Enneagram Type One: The Reformer. Type One in Brief Ones are conscientious and ethical, with a strong sense of right and wrong.
2 - Enneagram Type Two: The Helper. Type Two in Brief Twos are empathetic, sincere, and warm-hearted.
They are friendly, generous, and self-sacrificing, but can also be sentimental, flattering, and people-pleasing. They are well-meaning and driven to be close to others, but can slip into doing things for others in order to be needed. They typically have problems with possessiveness and with acknowledging their own needs. 3 - Enneagram Type Three: The Achiever. Type Three in Brief Threes are self-assured, attractive, and charming.
Ambitious, competent, and energetic, they can also be status-conscious and highly driven for advancement. They are diplomatic and poised, but can also be overly concerned with their image and what others think of them. They typically have problems with workaholism and competitiveness. 4 - Enneagram Type Four: The Individualist. Type Four in Brief Fours are self-aware, sensitive, and reserved.
They are emotionally honest, creative, and personal, but can also be moody and self-conscious. Withholding themselves from others due to feeling vulnerable and defective, they can also feel disdainful and exempt from ordinary ways of living. They typically have problems with melancholy, self-indulgence, and self-pity. At their Best: inspired and highly creative, they are able to renew themselves and transform their experiences.
Basic Fear: That they have no identity or personal significance Basic Desire: To find themselves and their significance (to create an identity) Enneagram Four with a Three-Wing: "The Aristocrat" Enneagram Four with a Five-Wing: "The Bohemian" The Meaning of the Arrows (in brief) When moving in their Direction of Disintegration (stress), aloof Fours suddenly become over-involved and clinging at Two. Type Four Overview “I collapse when I am out in the world. Fours are in the same predicament. 5 - Enneagram Type Five: The Investigator. Type Five in Brief Fives are alert, insightful, and curious.
They are able to concentrate and focus on developing complex ideas and skills. 6 - Enneagram Type Six: The Loyalist. 7 - Enneagram Type Seven: The Enthusiast. 8 - Enneagram Type Eight: The Challenger. Type Eight in Brief Eights are self-confident, strong, and assertive.
Protective, resourceful, straight-talking, and decisive, but can also be ego-centric and domineering. Eights feel they must control their environment, especially people, sometimes becoming confrontational and intimidating. Eights typically have problems with their tempers and with allowing themselves to be vulnerable. 9 - Enneagram Type Nine: The Peacemaker.