Back to the Future. Btf-D18 07.07.11 BACK TO THE FUTURE: Hypertext the Way It Used To Be Theodor Holm Nelson and Robert Adamson Smith Project Xanadu ABSTRACT. Others imitate paper (Word, Acrobat) and the constant 3D world we live in ("Virtual Reality"). Our system instead tries to create documents better than paper in a space better than reality.
Intellectual property notice: The following are trademarks of Project Xanadu, registered or claimed: Xanadu, ZigZag, XanaduSpace. The purpose of hypertext was always to make up for the deficiencies of paper. Paper cannot easily show connections, has very limited space, and forces an inflexible rectangular arrangement. . - been one-way - not allowed overlapping of either source or target endsets ("anchors") - not had types This crude structure has been a source of regret for which some of us have apologized in print (2). We are not just building a different kind of hypertext, but seeking the most general form of document. And other structures to be definable later. 0. Feature. The Curse of XanaduBy Gary Wolf It was the most radical computer dream of the hacker era. Ted Nelson's Xanadu project was supposed to be the universal, democratic hypertext library that would help human life evolve into an entirely new form.
Instead, it sucked Nelson and his intrepid band of true believers into what became the longest-running vaporware project in the history of computing - a 30-year saga of rabid prototyping and heart-slashing despair. The amazing epic tragedy. I said a brief prayer as Ted Nelson - hypertext guru and design genius - took a scary left turn through the impolite traffic on Marin Boulevard in Sausalito. Nelson's left hand was on the wheel, his right rested casually on the back of the front seat. He arched his neck and looked in my direction so as to be clearly heard.
Nelson is a pale, angular, and energetic man who wears clothes with lots of pockets. All the children of Nelson's imagination do not have equal stature. Page 2 >> Project Xanadu. First hypertext project Project Xanadu ( ZAN-ə-doo)[1] was the first hypertext project, founded in 1960 by Ted Nelson. Administrators of Project Xanadu have declared it superior to the World Wide Web, with the mission statement: "Today's popular software simulates paper.
The World Wide Web (another imitation of paper) trivialises our original hypertext model with one-way ever-breaking links and no management of version or contents. "[2] History[edit] Nelson's vision was for a "digital repository scheme for world-wide electronic publishing". On top of this basic idea, Nelson wanted to facilitate nonsequential writing, in which the reader could choose their own path through an electronic document. Nelson's talk at the ACM predicted many of the features of today's hypertext systems, but at the time, his ideas had little impact. 1970s[edit] Ted Nelson published his ideas in his 1974 book Computer Lib/Dream Machines and the 1981 Literary Machines. 1980s[edit] 1990s[edit] 2000s[edit] 2010s[edit] Markup Systems and the Future of Scholarly Text Processing. James H. Coombs Brown University Allen H. Renear Brown University Steven J. DeRose Electronic Book Technologies In the last few years, scholarly text processing has entered a reactionary stage.
Since the introduction of inexpensive and powerful personal computers, we have seen a change in focus away from developing such new strategies toward finding ways to do the old things faster. There are a number of reasons for this trend. Even in academia there is reduced impetus for more intelligent systems. This shift in dominant models creates three major problems: first, the incentive for significant research and development in computing systems is disappearing, and a major portion of resources has been diverted into the enhancement of a minor portion of the document development process.
The development of tools providing new capacities has been replaced by safe and obvious enhancements of comfortable procedures. Markup Theory Types of Markup Punctuational. Presentational. Procedural. Descriptive. Webconsortium xhtml1. A Reformulation of HTML 4 in XML 1.0 W3C Recommendation 26 January 2000, revised 1 August 2002 superseded 27 March 2018 This version: Latest version: Previous version: Authors: See acknowledgments. Please refer to the errata for this document, which may include some normative corrections.
This document is also available in these non-normative formats: Multi-part XHTML file, PostScript version, PDF version, ZIP archive, and Gzip'd TAR archive. Copyright ©2002 W3C® (MIT, INRIA, Keio), All Rights Reserved. Abstract This specification defines the Second Edition of XHTML 1.0, a reformulation of HTML 4 as an XML 1.0 application, and three DTDs corresponding to the ones defined by HTML 4. Status of this document This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. This specification is a Superseded Recommendation. This section is informative. 1.1. 1.2. May a. Webconsortium.