Guru Granth Sahib. It is written in the Gurmukhī script, in various dialects – including Lehndi Punjabi, Braj Bhasha, Khariboli, Sanskrit and Persian – often coalesced under the generic title of Sant Bhasha.[10] History[edit] During the Guruship of Guru Nanak, collections of his hymns were compiled and sent to distant Sikh communities for use in morning and evening prayers.[11] His successor, Guru Angad, began collecting his predecessor's sacred writings.
This tradition was continued by the third and fifth guru. When the fifth Guru, Guru Arjan, was collecting the writings of his predecessor, he discovered that pretenders to the Guruship were releasing forged anthologies of the previous gurus' writings and including their own writings alongside them.[12] In order to prevent spurious scriptures from gaining legitimacy, Guru Arjan began compiling a sacred book for the Sikh community. Meaning and role in Sikhism[edit] The Guru Granth Sahib Elevation of Adi Granth to Guru Granth Sahib[edit] Guru's commandment[edit] Khalsa. Akali Tapa Singh, an early Khalsa soldier during the times of the Sikh Misls The Khalsa (Punjabi: ਖ਼ਾਲਸਾ; [xaːlsaː]) is the collective body of all initiated Sikhs represented by the five beloved-ones and can be called the Guru Panth, the embodiment of the Guru[1] and the final temporal Guru/leader of the Sikhs. The word Khalsa translates to "Sovereign/Free". [2] Another interpretation is that of being "Pure/Genuine.” [3] The Khalsa was inaugurated on April 13, 1699, by Guru Gobind Singh, the tenth Sikh Guru.
From then on the temporal leadership of the Sikhs was passed on to the Khalsa with the bestowed title of "Guru Panth" and spiritual leadership was passed on to the Guru Granth Sahib [4] with the Khalsa being responsible for all executive, military and civil authority in the Sikh society. [5] The Khalsa is also called the nation of the Sikhs.[6] A Sikh male at being initiated into the Khalsa is titled Singh meaning “Lion” and a female is entitled Kaur meaning “Princess”.
Five Ks[edit] Ranjit Singh. Maharaja Ranjit Singh (13 November 1780 – 27 June 1839)[2][3] was the founder of the Sikh Empire, which came to power in the Indian subcontinent in the early half of the 19th century. The empire, based in the Punjab region, existed from 1799 to 1849. It was forged, on the foundations of the Khalsa, under the leadership of Ranjit Singh from a collection of autonomous Sikh Misls.[4][5] Ranjit Singh was succeeded by his son, Kharak Singh.
Biography[edit] Early life[edit] Ranjit Singh was born to Maha Singh and Raj Kaur on 13 November 1780, in Gujranwala, Punjab.[6][7] At first he was named Buddh Singh, but Maha Singh received the news of his son's birth on his return from a victorious battle against the Chattar chief, Pir Muhammad, and renamed his son Ranjit (Victor in War).[3] Historians have mixed views as to his family origins, while some assert he was born into a Jatt Sikh family.[8][9] others claim that he was born into a Sansi Sikh family[7][10] Sons[edit] Invasions and conquests[edit] Sikhism Films. "The Khalsa is a mission to fight against cruelty and injustice. It is a fight for spiritual survival and the war of righteousness. " The first title in this inspiring series was called 'RISE OF THE KHALSA' which was created over a period of two years. This documentary was very well received and the director earned the accolade of: 'Best International Director for Documentary' award at the New York independent international film festival.
This first project was a humble effort to project to the audience the concept of Khalsa, an order that stands for all that is "right and just". To capture some of the footage for this documentary, the entire crew underwent daring and dangerous moments to bring never before seen moments to the screen. Above: Preview - Rise of the Khalsa. Guru Hargobind. Guru Har Gobind, (Punjabi: ਗੁਰੂ ਹਰਿ ਗੋਬਿੰਦ ਸਾਹਿਬ [ɡʊru həɾɡobɪnd sɑhɪb]) also Saccha Padshah (ਸੱਚਾ ਪਾਦਸ਼ਾਹ "True Emperor") (5 July 1595 – 19 March 1644 [1]). According to another tradition, he was born on 5 July 1595.
He was the sixth of the Sikh gurus and became Guru on 25 May 1606 following in the footsteps of his father Guru Arjan Dev. He was not, perhaps, more than eleven at his father's execution.[2] Before ascension, he nominated Guru Har Rai, his grandson as the next Guru of the Sikhs. Early years[edit] He put on two swords: one indicated his spiritual authority and the other, his temporal authority.[3] ('miri' symbolizing temporal power and 'piri' symbolizing spiritual power).He built the Akal Takht, the Throne of the Almighty.[3] Guru Har Gobind ji excelled in matters of state, and his Darbar (court) was noted for its splendour.
Personality[edit] Relations with Jahangir and wars with Mughals[edit] The reasons for Guru Har Gobind to arm his followers were many. Effects[edit] Gobind Singh. Guru Gobind Singh ( pronunciation ; born Gobind Rai;[1] 22 December 1666 – 7 October 1708[2]) was the tenth of the ten Sikh Gurus, the eleventh guru being the living perpetual Guru, Guru Granth Sahib (the sacred text of Sikhism).
He was a warrior, poet and philosopher. He succeeded his father Guru Tegh Bahadur as the leader of Sikhs at the young age of nine. He contributed much to Sikhism; notable was his contribution to the continual formalisation of the faith which the first Guru Guru Nanak had founded, as a religion, in the 15th century.[3][4] Guru Gobind Singh, the last of the living Sikh Gurus, initiated the Sikh Khalsa in 1699,[5] passing the Guruship of the Sikhs to the Eleventh and Eternal Guru of the Sikhs, the Guru Granth Sahib.
Early life[edit] Guru Gobind Singh was born as Gobind Rai in Patna, Bihar in India. Leaving of Anandpur and Return[edit] In April 1685, Guru Gobind Singh shifted his residence to Paonta in Sirmaur state at the invitation of Raja Mat Prakash of Sirmaur. Guru Tegh Bahadur. Guru Tegh Bahadur Sahib Ji (Punjabi: ਗੁਰੂ ਤੇਗ਼ ਬਹਾਦੁਰ [ɡʊru teɣ bəhɑdʊɾ]; 1 April 1621 – 11 November 1675[1]) became the 9th Guru of Sikhs on 16 April 1664, following in the footsteps of his grand-nephew, Guru Har Krishan. Guru Tegh Bahadur was executed on the orders of Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb in Delhi.[2] Early life[edit] Tegh Bahadur was the youngest of the five sons of Guru Hargobind, the sixth Sikh guru, and his wife Nanaki.
He was born as Tyaga Mal Khatri in Amritsar in the early hours of 1 April 1621. The name Tegh Bahadur (Mighty Of The Sword), was given to him by Hargobind after he had shown his valour in a battle against the Mughals. Amritsar at that time was the centre of Sikh faith. Under Hargobind, it had become even more renowned. Tegh Bahadur was brought up steeped in Sikh culture. Stay at Bakala[edit] In the 1640s, nearing his end, Guru Hargobind said to his wife Nanaki, to move to his ancestral village of Bakala, together with Tegh Bahadur and Gujri. Execution[edit] Sikhism. Overview and History of Sikhism Sikhism is a monotheistic religion formed in the Punjab region of present-day India and Pakistan during the 16th century and is based on the writings of its founder Guru Nanek Dev.
While Sikhism is heavily influenced by Hinduism and Islam and retains many aspects of both faiths, it is its own distinct religion. Sikhs believe in the equality of all people and their equal, direct access to God. They stress the importance of living a good life of honesty and caring for others over rituals and traditional practices. Like many religions native to India, Sikhs believe that they are reincarnated into a cycle of birth, life, and rebirth. Rebirth depends on the law of karma, and the only way to escape the cycle of rebirth is through direct knowledge of and unity with God. Distinctive Dress Unique to Sikh dress are the turban and the 5 K's.
Guru Nanak Dev. Guru Nanak pronunciation [1] (Punjabi: ਗੁਰੂ ਨਾਨਕ; Hindi: गुरु नानक, Urdu: گرونانک, [ˈɡʊɾu ˈnɑnək] Gurū Nānak) (15 April 1469 – 22 September 1539) is the founder of the religion of Sikhism and is the first of the Sikh Gurus. His birth is celebrated world-wide on Kartik Puranmashi, the full-moon day which falls on different dates each year in the month of Katak, October–November.[2] Guru Nanak travelled far and wide teaching people the message of one God who dwells in every one of God's creations and constitutes the eternal Truth.[3] He set up a unique spiritual, social, and political platform based on equality, fraternal love, goodness, and virtue.[4][5][6] It is part of Sikh religious belief that the spirit of Guru Nanak's sanctity, divinity and religious authority descended upon each of the nine subsequent Gurus when the Guruship was devolved on to them.[7] Family and early life[edit] Commentaries on his life give details of his blossoming awareness from a young age.
Biographies[edit] Adi Granth. Ranjit Singh. Gurdwara. History[edit] The first gurdwara was built in Kartarpur, on the banks of Ravi River in the Punjab region by the first Sikh guru, Guru Nanak Dev Ji in the year 1521. It now lies in the Narowal District of west Punjab (Pakistan). The worship centres were built as a place where Sikhs could gather to hear the guru give spiritual discourse and sing religious hymns in the praise of Waheguru. As the Sikh population continued to grow, Guru Hargobind, the sixth Sikh guru, introduced the word 'gurdwara'.
The etymology of the term 'Gurdwara' is from the words 'gur (ਗੁਰ)' (a reference to the Sikh Gurus) and 'dwara (ਦੁਆਰਾ)' (gateway in Gurmukhi), together meaning 'the gateway through which the guru could be reached'.[1] Thereafter, all Sikh places of worship came to be known as gurdwaras. Some of the prominent Sikh shrines established by the Sikh Gurus are: Description[edit] A typical layout for the Darbar Sahib, inside a Gurdwara.
There are no idols, statues, or religious pictures in a gurdwara.