Mathura art (Buddhist art. Kalabhras dynasty. The Kalabhras dynasty (Tamil: களப்பிரர்) ruled over the entire Ancient Tamil country between the 3rd and the 7th century in an era of South Indian history called the Kalabhra interregnum. The Kalabhras, possibly Buddhists, displaced the kingdoms of the early Cholas, early Pandyas and Chera dynasties by a revolt. The Kalabhras put an end to the brahmanadeya rights granted to the brahmans in numerous villages across southern India. Information about the origin and reign of the Kalabhras is scarce. They left neither artifacts nor monuments, and the only sources of information are scattered mentions in Buddhist and Jain literature.
The Kalabhras were defeated by the joint efforts of the Pallavas, Pandyas and Chalukyas Badami. Identification[edit] The identification of the Kalabhras is difficult. Evidence from Literature[edit] Reasons for the Unpopularity[edit] Kalabhras, by ruling the Tamil country, disturbed the prevailing order. Patrons of Literature[edit] Religion[edit] Fall of Kalabhras[edit]
Satavahanas. Kushanas. Sungas. Indo-Roman. Greco-Bactrians. Indo-Scythians. Indo-Scythians is a term used to refer to Scythians (Sakas), who migrated into parts of Central Asia and northern South Asia (Sogdiana, Bactria, Arachosia, Gandhara, Sindh, Kashmir, Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, UP and Bihar.), from the middle of the 2nd century BC to the 4th century AD. The first Saka king in south Asia was Maues (Moga) (1st century BC) who established Saka power in Gandhara (Afghanistan) and gradually extended supremacy over north-western India. Indo-Scythian rule in northwestern India ended with the last Western Satrap Rudrasimha III in AD 395 who was defeated by the Indian Emperor Chandragupta II of the Gupta Empire.[1] The power of the Saka rulers started to decline in the 2nd century AD after the Indo-Scythians were defeated by the south Indian Emperor Gautamiputra Satakarni of the Satavahana dynasty .[2][3] Later the Saka kingdom was completely destroyed by Chandragupta II of the Gupta Empire in the 4th century.[4] Origins[edit] Yuezhi expansion[edit]
Kshatriya. The Sanskrit term Kshatriya belonged to the Vedic society wherein members organized themselves into 3 classes: Brahmin, Kshatriya, and Vaishya.[1] Traditionally, Kshatriya constitute the ruling and military elite. They were in charge of the protection of the society by fighting in wartime and governing in peacetime. Origins[edit] Early Rigvedic tribal chiefdom[edit] The administrative machinery in the Rig Vedic period functioned with a tribal chief called Rajan whose position was not hereditary.
The king was elected in a tribal assembly, which included women, called Samiti . The Rajan protected the tribe and cattle; was assisted by a priest; and did not maintain a standing army, though in the later period the rulership appears to have risen as a class. The concept of fourfold Varna system was non existent.[2] Later Vedic period[edit] In the period of the Brahmanas there was ambiguity in the position of the varnas. Symbols[edit] Kshatriya lineage[edit] See also[edit] References[edit]
On the Hilltop and Down By the River. Archaeologists search for the roots of southern Indian cities at the site of Kadabakele View from the hilltop site, with the village of Kadabakele below, beside an expanse of rice paddies Letter from India:Living Heritage at Risk Slideshow: Exploring Hampi Oceans of Dharma India's Village of the Dead Kathleen Morrison of the University of Chicago at the excavation of an Iron Age domestic site One of the two dig sites on top of the hill at Kadabakele contains mysterious megalithic features View from the hills that surround the saddle, with both excavation pits Residents of the village have become indispensable crew members.
Kathleen Morrison discusses a find with graduate student Mudit Travedi. Kathleen Morrison and graduate student Andrew Bauer of the University of Chicago at the excavation of an Iron Age domestic site Kathleen Morrison leads the way down from the hillgirt valley to the river terrace portion of the site. A hero stone was found on the river terrace. Samir S. Share.