ruth
The only paradise is paradise lost. - Marcel Proust. AUDIO BOOKS audiobooks. Musicovery. Stereomood – emotional internet radio - music for my mood and activities. Visualizations. Dunning–Kruger effect. Cognitive bias about one's own skill The Dunning–Kruger effect is a cognitive bias that describes the systematic tendency of people with low ability in a specific area to give overly positive assessments of this ability.
The term may also refer to the tendency of high performers to underestimate their skills. It was first identified by the psychologists David Dunning and Justin Kruger in 1999. In popular culture, the Dunning–Kruger effect is sometimes misunderstood as claiming that people with low intelligence are generally overconfident, instead of denoting specific overconfidence of people unskilled at particular areas. The Dunning–Kruger effect has been demonstrated across multiple studies in a wide range of tasks from fields such as business, politics, medicine, driving, aviation, spatial memory, examinations in school, and literacy. The original study by Dunning and Kruger focused on logical reasoning, grammar, and social skills. Measurement, analysis, and investigated tasks [edit]