Matthew the Apostle. Matthew the Apostle (Hebrew: מַתִּתְיָהוּ Mattityahu or מתי Mattay, "Gift of YHVH"; Greek: Ματθαῖος Matthaios; also known as Saint Matthew) was, according to the Bible, one of the twelve apostles of Jesus and, according to Christian tradition, one of the four Evangelists.
Identity[edit] Among the early followers and apostles of Jesus, Matthew is mentioned in Mt 9:9 and Mt 10:3 as a former publican from Capernaum who was called into the ministry of the twelve by Jesus. He is also named among the twelve, but without identification of his background, in Mk 3:18, Lk 6:15 and Acts 1:13. He is also called Levi, son of Alpheus, in Mk 2:14 and Lk 5:27. Simon the Zealot. St.
Simon redirects here. For others, see Saint-Simon. The apostle called Simon Zelotes, Simon the Zealot, in Luke 6:15 and Acts 1:13; and Simon Kananaios or Simon Cananeus ("Simon" signifying שמעון "hearkening; listening", Standard Hebrew Šimʿon, Tiberian Hebrew Šimʿôn, "Shim'on"), was one of the most obscure among the apostles of Jesus. Little is recorded of him aside from his name.
A few pseudepigraphical writings were connected to him, and the theologian and Doctor of the Church, Saint Jerome, does not include him in De viris illustribus written between 392-393 AD.[3] Identity[edit] Jude the Apostle. For Thaddeus of Edessa also known as Addai / Mar Addai, see Thaddeus of Edessa The Armenian Apostolic Church honors Thaddeus along with Saint Bartholomew as its patron saints.
In the Roman Catholic Church, he is the patron saint of desperate cases and lost causes. Saint Jude's attribute is a club. He is also often shown in icons with a flame around his head. This represents his presence at Pentecost, when he received the Holy Spirit with the other apostles. Identity[edit] New Testament[edit] James, son of Alphaeus. James, son of Alphaeus (Ἰάκωβος, Iakōbos in Greek) was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus Christ, appearing under this name in all three of the Synoptic Gospels' lists of the apostles.
He is often identified with James the Less (Greek Iacobos ho mikros, Ἰακώβος ο μικρος Mark 15:40) and commonly known by that name in church tradition. Thomas the Apostle. Thomas the Apostle, sometimes informally called Doubting Thomas or Didymus which means "The Twin", was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus Christ, according to the New Testament.
He is best known from the account in the Gospel of Saint John, where he questioned Jesus' resurrection when first told of it, followed by his confession of faith as both "My Lord and my God" on seeing and touching Jesus' wounded body. Traditionally, he is said to have traveled outside the Roman Empire to preach the Gospel, traveling as far as India.[5][6] According to tradition, the Apostle reached Muziris, India in 52 AD and baptized several people who are today known as Saint Thomas Christians or Nasranis. John the Apostle. The Church Fathers generally identify him as the author of five books in the New Testament: the Gospel of John, three Epistles of John, and the Book of Revelation.
In The History of The Church, Eusebius says that the books of first John, and the gospel of John are heavily agreed upon as his. However Eusibius mentions that the consensus is that second and third are not his, but of some other John. Eusebius also goes to a length to establish with the reader that there is no general consensus regarding the Revelation of John. The revelation of John could only be what is now called the book of Revelation.[2]The Gospel according to John differs considerably from the synoptic gospels, likely written decades earlier than John's Gospel.
The bishops of Asia Minor supposedly requested him to write his gospel to deal with the heresy of the Ebionites, who asserted that Christ did not exist before Mary. Andrew the Apostle. Andrew the Apostle (Greek: Ἀνδρέας, Andreas; from the early 1st century – mid to late 1st century AD; known by some as Saint Andrew), called in the Orthodox tradition Prōtoklētos (Πρωτόκλητος), or the First-called, was a Christian Apostle and the brother of Saint Peter.[2] The name "Andrew" (Greek: manly, brave, from ἀνδρεία, Andreia, "manhood, valour"), like other Greek names, appears to have been common among the Jews, Christians, and other Hellenized people of the region.
No Hebrew or Aramaic name is recorded for him. By Catholic doctrine, the apostolic successor to Saint Andrew is Patriarch Bartholomew I. Life[edit] In the gospels, Andrew is referred to as being present on some important occasions as one of the disciples more closely attached to Jesus.[6] Andrew told Jesus about the boy with the loaves and fishes (John 6:8), with Philip told Jesus about the Greeks seeking Him, and was present at the Last Supper.[7]
Judas Iscariot. Judas Iscariot (Hebrew: יהודה, Yəhûḏāh) was, according to the New Testament, one of the twelve original apostles of Jesus Christ, and the son of Simon Iscariot.
He is infamously known for his kiss and betrayal of Jesus to the hands of the chief Sanhedrin priests in exchange for a payment of thirty silver coins.[1] His name is often invoked to accuse someone of betrayal, and is sometimes confused with Jude Thaddeus. Though there are varied accounts of his death, the traditional version sees him as having hanged himself out of remorse following his betrayal. His place among the Twelve Apostles was later filled by Matthias. Saint Matthias. Matthias (Hebrew transliteration: Mattityahu[2]; d. 80), according to the Acts of the Apostles, was the apostle chosen by the remaining eleven apostles to replace Judas Iscariot following Judas' betrayal of Jesus and suicide.[3] His calling as an apostle is unique in that his appointment was not made personally by Jesus, who had already ascended to heaven, and, it was made before the descent of the Holy Spirit upon the early Church.
Biography[edit] There is no mention of a Matthias among the lists of disciples or followers of Jesus in the three synoptic gospels. According to Acts 1, in the days following the Ascension of Jesus, to the assembled disciples, who numbered about one hundred and twenty, that they nominated two men to replace Judas: Joseph called Barsabbas (also known as Justus) and Matthias. Then they prayed, "Lord, you know everyone's heart. Show us which of these two you have chosen to take over this apostolic ministry, which Judas left to go where he belongs. " Attribution. Saint Peter. Saint Peter (Latin: Petrus, Greek: Πέτρος Petros; died AD 64 or 67),[3] also known as Simon Peter, was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus Christ, leaders of the early Christian Church, according to the New Testament.
He is venerated as a saint and considered to be the first bishop of Rome and first Pope by the Roman Catholic Church. According to Christian tradition, Peter was crucified in Rome under Emperor Nero Augustus Caesar. It is traditionally held that he was crucified upside down at his own request, since he saw himself unworthy to be crucified in the same way as Jesus Christ. Tradition holds that he was crucified at the site of the Clementine Chapel, while his mortal remains are contained in the underground Confessio of St.
Peter's Basilica, where Pope Paul VI announced the excavated discovery of a first-century Roman cemetery in 1968. Names and etymologies[edit] New Testament account[edit] Peter was a fisherman in Bethsaida. "Rock" dialogue[edit] James, son of Zebedee. In the New Testament[edit] The son of Zebedee and Salome, James is styled "the Greater" to distinguish him from the Apostle James "the Less", who was probably shorter of stature. We know nothing of St. James's early life. Philip the Apostle. Philip the Apostle (Greek: Φίλιππος, Philippos) was one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus. Later Christian traditions describe Philip as the apostle who preached in Greece, Syria, and Phrygia.
In the Roman Catholic Church, the feast day of Philip, along with that of James the Just, was traditionally observed on 1 May, the anniversary of the dedication of the church dedicated to them in Rome (now called the Church of the Twelve Apostles). The Eastern Orthodox Church celebrates Philip's feast day on 14 November. One of the Gnostic texts found in the Nag Hammadi library in 1945 has been given the modern title "Gospel of Philip", though this text makes no claim to have been written by Philip. Bartholomew the Apostle. According to the Synaxarium of the Coptic Orthodox Church, his martyrdom is commemorated on the 1st day of the Coptic Calendar (1st day of the month of "Thout"), which currently falls on September 11 (corresponding to August 29 in the Gregorian Calendar). His feast is June 11 in Eastern Christianity, and August 24 in both forms of the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church.
Bartholomew[edit] Alternatively, Bartolomew has been identified with Nathanael, as presented in the Gospel of according to John. [1:45–51] Nathanael is introduced as a friend of Philip. He is described as initially being skeptical about the Messiah coming from Nazareth, saying: "Can anything good come out of Nazareth? ", but nonetheless, follows Philip's invitation. New Testament references[edit] Tradition[edit] Eusebius of Caesarea's Ecclesiastical History (5:10) states that after the Ascension, Bartholomew went on a missionary tour to India, where he left behind a copy of the Gospel of Matthew.
Mission in India[edit] St.