The Rock Cycle . The Rock Cycle. Mineral Resources Program. Of01-360. 40 Common Minerals and Their Uses. Aluminum The most abundant metal element in Earth's crust. Aluminum originates as an oxide called alumina. Bauxite ore is the main source of aluminum and must be imported from Jamaica, Guinea, Brazil, Guyana, etc. Used in transportation (automobiles), packaging, building/construction, electrical, machinery and other uses. Antimony A native element; antimony metal is extracted from stibnite ore and other minerals. Barium A heavy metal contained in barite. Bauxite Rock composed of hydrated aluminum oxides. Beryllium Used in the nuclear industry and to make light, very strong alloys used in the aircraft industry. Chromite The U.S. consumes about 6 percent of world chromite ore production in various forms of imported materials, such as chromite ore, chromite chemicals, chromium ferroalloys, chromium metal and stainless steel.
Clays Used in floor and wall tile as an absorbent, in sanitation, mud drilling, foundry sand bond, iron pelletizing, brick, light weight aggregate and cement. Cobalt Copper. Structural Geology. Continuum Mechanics forces acting on and within a continuous medium, and the resulting deformation or flow contrast with rigid body mechanics Stress force per unit area (N/m2 = Pa, Pascal) tends to change material's shape and/or volume longitudinal (normal) stress force and unit normal to surface are parallel compressional or tensional shear stress force and unit normal are perpendicular confining pressure average longitudinal (normal) stress usually due to burial (overburden pressure) Strain deformation resulting from stress longitudinal (normal) compression or extension fractional change in length volume changes dimensionless shear no volume change shape changes dimensionless dilatation (volumetric strain) sum of longitudinal (normal) strains fractional change in volume How Rocks Deform material behavior defined by stress-strain relationship depends on temperature confining pressure time amount of stress/strain elastic viscous (ductile) Folds Strike and Dip Strike Dip Types of Folds Anticline Syncline Faults.
Plate tectonics topic. Example of oceanic convergence. Largest Earthquakes in the World Since 1900. This webpage is updated in January of each year to incorporate any relevant data from the previous year. Google Earth KML References Johnson, J.M., Y. Tanioka, L.J. Ruff, K. Sataki, H. Kanamori, and L.R. Sykes, 1994, The 1957 great Aleutian earthquake, Pure and Appl. Kanamori, H., 1977, The energy release of great earthquakes, J. Kanamori, H., 1988, Importance of historical seismograms for geophysical research, in Lee, W.H.K., Meyers, H., and Shimazaki, K., eds., Historical Seismograms and Earthquakes of the World: San Diego, Academic Press, p. 16-33. Okal, E.A., and D. Park, J., T. PDE (Preliminary Determination of Earthquakes) Monthly Listing, U.S. Revisions The Andreanof Islands, Alaska earthquake of 1957 03 09, previously listed with a magnitude o f 9.1, has had its magnitude reviewed, and it was updated to 8.6.
The Ningxia-Gansu, China earthquake of 1920 12 16, previously listed with a magnitude of 8.6, has had its magnitude reviewed, and it was updated to 7.8. NOVA Online/Curse of T. rex. Dinosaur Eggs. 7 beautifully bizarre beaches [PICS] Beach sand comes in all kinds of colors. Jason Wire explores the diversity. Ever played Falling Sand? There’s nothing so satisfying as creating a technicolor sand-sculpture masterpiece and blowing it to smithereens with some explosive mouse-clicking.
But where does all that sweet, colored sand come from? Not food coloring, but from the world’s intersections of earth and ocean where crashing waves turn dense minerals and matter into tiny grains. And despite what your color-by-number book tells you, it’s not all yellow. Red sand, Kaihalulu, Maui, Hawaii When a a breach in the Earth's crust lets loose a geyser of magma, the volcanic ash and material has to go somewhere, and, quite often, forms a massive conical structure called a cinder cone.
Green sand, Papakolea, Hawaii Likewise, at the nearby Papakolea Beach, another cinder cone rich in olivine minerals -- a common component of Hawaiian lava -- spills forth a surreal pasture of dark green sand. Black sand, Santorini, Greece. The Arctic (cooler than a polar bear's toenails)