Celtic culture: a historical ... Transylvania. Coordinates: Geogel, Romanian Orthodox wooden church Transylvania is a historical region in the central part of Romania. Bounded on the east and south by the Carpathian mountain range, historical Transylvania extended in the west to the Apuseni Mountains; however, the term sometimes encompasses not only Transylvania proper, but also the historical regions of Crișana, Maramureș, and Romanian part of Banat. The region of Transylvania is known for the scenic beauty of its Carpathian landscape and its rich history.
Etymology[edit] In Romanian, the region is known as Ardeal (pronounced [arˈde̯al]) or Transilvania (pronounced [transilˈvani.a]); in Hungarian as Erdély; in German: Siebenbürgen ; and in Turkish as Transilvanya and historically as Erdel; see also other denominations. History[edit] Brief survey[edit] A market scene in Transylvania, 1818 The Habsburgs acquired the territory shortly after the Battle of Vienna in 1683.
Following defeat in World War I, Austria-Hungary disintegrated. Mihnea cel Rău. Mihnea cel Rău (Mihnea the Wrongdoer/Mean/Evil; c.1460 – 12 March 1510), the son of Vlad III Dracula (Vlad Țepeș), and his first wife, was Voivode (Prince) of Wallachia from 1508 to 1509, having replaced his first cousin Radu cel Mare. During his reign, he ruled alongside his son Mircea III Dracul in the year 1509. Unpopular among the boyars, he was overthrown with Ottoman assistance, prompting him to take refuge in Transylvania - where he was to be murdered in front of the Sibiu Cathedral, being buried inside the church.
The fight for the throne[edit] After his father's death, Mihnea ambitiously attempted to succeed him. Family[edit] Historical documents reveal the two women whom Mihnea married. "Cel Rău"[edit] Mihnea was dubbed "Cel Rău" meaning "the Bad" or "the Evil One" by Vlad's enemies, the Craiovești faction of boyars. Death[edit] Film adaptations[edit] In the film Dark Prince: The True Story of Dracula, Mihnea is portrayed by actor Dan Bordeianu. List of rulers of Transylvania. Coat of arms of the Grand Principality of Transylvania (19th century). List of rulers of Transylvania, from the 10th century, until 1918.
Overview[edit] Before 1556, the administration of the eastern parts of the Hungarian Kingdom, referred as Partes Transsylvana (Latin for "parts beyond the forests"), was in the hands of a voivode (Hungarian: vajda) appointed by the king. The word voivod or voievod first appeared in historical documents in 1193. The Voivode of Transylvania (woyuoda Transsiluanus) was one of the barons of the kingdom. List[edit] Early rulers[edit] Royal appointees[edit] Semi-independent monarchs[edit] For a list of Princes of Transylvania (monarchs under Ottoman suzerainty), see List of Princes of Transylvania.
Habsburg monarchs and their governors[edit] External links[edit] List of rulers of Wallachia. This is a List of rulers of Wallachia, from the first mention of a medieval polity situated between the Southern Carpathians and the Danube until the union with Moldavia in 1862, leading to the creation of Romania. Notes[edit] Dynastic rule is hard to ascribe, given the loose traditional definition of the ruling family (on principle, princes were chosen from any family branch, including a previous ruler's bastard sons - being defined as os de domn - "of Voivode marrow", or as having heregie - "heredity" (from the Latin hereditas); the institutions charged with the election, dominated by the boyars, had fluctuating degrees of influence).
The system itself was challenged by usurpers, and became obsolete with the Phanariote epoch, when rulers were appointed by the Ottoman Sultans; between 1821 and 1878 (the date of Romania's independence), various systems combining election and appointment were put in practice. List[edit] King of Romania. The King of the Romanians (Romanian: Regele Românilor),[1] was the sovereign ruler of the Kingdom of Romania from 1881 until 1947, when Romania was proclaimed a People's Republic following Michael I's forced abdication.
History[edit] The state had been internationally recognized as a Principality since 1862, after the creation of the United Principalities, a personal union between Moldavia and Wallachia, at that time vassal states of the Ottoman Empire. Alexander I became Domnitor (ruling prince) after the official unification of the two formerly separate states, being elected prince of both states in 1859. He was deposed in 1866 by a broad coalition of the main political parties, after which Parliament offered the throne to Karl Hohenzollern who subsequently became the new "Domnitor of Romania" (as Carol I). After the Revolution of 1989, the former King visited Romania to an enthusiastic reception in the streets of Bucharest, however the country preserved its republican character.
Memorialul Durerii - Primii Partizani partea 1. Victimele terorii comuniste - Arestaţi, torturaţi, ucişi. Arca memoriei Am primit, cu o doză importantă de autosuficienţă şi de inconştienţă, sarcina de a revizui litera P din dicţionarul victimelor comunismului, redactat de Cicerone Ioniţoiu. Eram, ca orice "specialist" în istorie - fie el şi în devenire - destul de sceptic în privinţa calităţii informaţionale a materialului; eram, pe de altă parte, destul de sigur că revizuirea lui nu îmi va lua foarte mult timp şi nu va fi excesiv de solicitantă. Doar plonjarea în lucrul efectiv şi dificultăţile pe care le-am întâmpinat m-au învăţat, treptat, să apreciez materia cu care mă luptam.
Aflând ce proces laborios este revizuirea, adică verificarea datelor şi stilizarea fişelor adunate, în timp, de autor, am avut şi imaginea, desigur incompletă, a muncii titanice pe care domnul Cicerone Ioniţoiu a aşezat-o în strângerea informaţiilor despre victimele comunismului. Filip-Lucian Iorga PAJURA, Ion. PAKOCZ, Karoly. PALIUC, Gheorghe. PANCIA, Iota. ţăran din comuna Beregsăul Mic. PANDREA, Clemente. Brazii se frang, dar nu se indoiesc. N memoriam, rezistenței anticomuniste din România.