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Selectors - Cascading Style Sheets Syntax
When a style sheet is abstracted from the document tree it applies to (as it is with Embedded and External style sheets), a method is needed to connect style statements to items in the document tree. In the CSS Rule-Set syntax, a 'Selector' is used to specify the portion of the document tree that the style declaration that follows will be attached to. A Selector is the portion of a Rule-Set that comes before the style Declaration Block embedded within curly braces ('{' and '}'.) Selector syntax in CSS2 can look for matches using five different contexts: elements , attributes , special HTML attributes , Pseudo-Classes and Pseudo-Elements . The granularity and power that the CSS2 Selector syntax allows gives an author tremendous power, but much of this has not been implemented by the popular browsers.
Frames in HTML documents
HTML frames allow authors to present documents in multiple views. Views may be independent windows or subwindows. Multiple views offer designers a way to keep certain information visible, while other views are scrolled or replaced. For instance, to use three frames: one for a static banner, one for a navigation menu, and one for a main view that can be scrolled though or replaced by clicking on an item in the navigation frame. Layout of frames An HTML document with frames has a slightly different makeup than an HTML document without frames.Chapter 2 CSS
As we explained in the previous chapter, HTML elements enable Web page designers to mark up a document as to its structure. The HTML specification lists guidelines on how browsers should display these elements. For example, you can be reasonably sure that the contents of a strong element will be displayed bold-faced. Also, you can pretty much trust that most browsers will display the content of an h1 element using a big font size... at least bigger than the p element and bigger than the h2 element.
Linking Style Sheets to HTML
There are many ways to link style sheets to HTML, each carrying its own advantages and disadvantages. New HTML elements and attributes have been introduced to allow easy incorporation of style sheets into HTML documents. Linking to an External Style Sheet An external style sheet may be linked to an HTML document through HTML's LINK element: <LINK REL=StyleSheet HREF="style.css" TYPE="text/css" MEDIA=screen> <LINK REL=StyleSheet HREF="color-8b.css" TYPE="text/css" TITLE="8-bit Color Style" MEDIA="screen, print"> <LINK REL="Alternate StyleSheet" HREF="color-24b.css" TYPE="text/css" TITLE="24-bit Color Style" MEDIA="screen, print"> <LINK REL=StyleSheet HREF="aural.css" TYPE="text/css" MEDIA=aural>Cascading Style Sheets ( CSS ) is a style sheet language used for describing the presentation semantics (the look and formatting) of a document written in a markup language . Its most common application is to style web pages written in HTML and XHTML , but the language can also be applied to any kind of XML document, including plain XML , SVG and XUL . CSS is designed primarily to enable the separation of document content (written in HTML or a similar markup language) from document presentation, including elements such as the layout , colors , and fonts . [ 1 ] This separation can improve content accessibility , provide more flexibility and control in the specification of presentation characteristics, enable multiple pages to share formatting, and reduce complexity and repetition in the structural content (such as by allowing for tableless web design ).
