Crimean Tatar language. Crimean Tatar[6] (Qırımtatarca, Qırımtatar tili, Къырымтатарджа, Къырымтатар тили) is the indigenous language of the Crimean Tatars. It is a Turkic language spoken in Crimea and the Crimean Tatar diasporas of Uzbekistan, Turkey, Romania and Bulgaria, as well as small communities in the United States and Canada. It should not be confused with Tatar proper, spoken in Russia, to which it is related, but with which it is not mutually intelligible. Number of speakers[edit] Today, more than 260,000 Crimean Tatars live in Crimea, and approximately 150,000 are still in exile in Central Asia (mainly in Uzbekistan).[7] An estimated 5 million people of Crimean origin live in Turkey, descendants of those who emigrated in the 19th and early 20th centuries.
Almost all Crimean Tatars are bilingual or multilingual with the dominant languages of their respective home countries such as Russian, Ukrainian, Uzbek, Turkish, Finnish, etc. Dialects[edit] History[edit] Phonology[edit] Vowels[edit] Consonants[edit]
Slavic names. Given names originating from the Slavic languages are most common in Slavic countries. History of Slavic names[edit] In pre-Christian traditions, a child less than 7–10 years old would bear a "substitutional name" (e.g. Niemój "Not mine", Nielub "Unloved"), the purpose of which was to deflect attention from the child and thereby to protect it from the curiosity of evil powers. The practice was largely the effect of the high mortality rate for young children at the time.[1] A child who survived to 7–10 years was considered worthy of care and was granted adult status and a new adult name during a ritual first haircut.[2] Traditional names remained dominant until the Slavic nations converted to Christianity. Finally, the Council of Trent (1545–63) decreed that every Catholic should have a Christian name instead of a native one. Names in Poland Names in Kievan Rus' Names today Slavic name of the boat. Meaning of Slavic names[edit] Old Slavic names were built with one or two lexemes: See also:
Gnezdovo. Gnezdovo or Gnyozdovo (Russian: Гнёздово) is an archeological site located near the village of Gnyozdovo in Smolensk Oblast, Russia. The site contains extensive remains of a Slavic-Varangian settlement that flourished in the 10th century as a major trade station on the trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks. Site[edit] There is some disagreement among scholars as to which ethnic element predominated at Gnyozdovo. Although a Varangian presence is pronounced, nineteen mounds out of twenty contain ordinary burials of Krivichs and Baltic men and women.[3] The burial rite is mostly cremation. Finds[edit] Seven hoards of Byzantine and Arabian coins and a Byzantine dish bearing an image of Simargl have shown that the local community carried on a prosperous trade along the Dnieper.
Historical background[edit] Gnyozdovo is situated downstream from the Dvina–Dnieper portages, at a point where the Svinets and several small waterways empty into the Dnieper. Gnyozdovo and Smolensk[edit] Oleg of Novgorod. He is credited with moving the capital of Rus' from Novgorod the Great to Kiev and, in doing so, he laid the foundation of the powerful state of Kievan Rus'. He also launched at least one attack on Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine Empire. According to East Slavic chronicles, Oleg was supreme ruler of the Rus' from 882 to 912. This traditional dating has been challenged by some historians, who point out that it is inconsistent with such other sources as the Schechter Letter, which mentions the activities of certain khagan HLGW of Rus' as late the 940s, during the reign of Byzantine Emperor Romanus I.
The nature of Oleg's relationship with the Rurikid ruling family of the Rus', and specifically with his successor Igor of Kiev, is a matter of much controversy among historians. Oleg of the Russian chronicles[edit] Fyodor Bruni. Legend of the death of Oleg the Prophet[edit] Proud of his own foretelling abilities, he sent the horse away. Helgu of the Schechter Letter[edit] See also[edit] Smolensk. Smolensk (Russian: Смоленск, IPA: [smɐˈlʲensk] ( This walled city was destroyed several times throughout its long history because it was on the invasion routes of both Napoleon and Hitler.
Today, Smolensk is noted for electronics, textiles, food processing, and diamond faceting. Etymology[edit] Geography[edit] The city is located in European Russia on the banks of the upper Dnieper River, which crosses the city within the Smolensk Upland, which is the western part of the Smolensk–Moscow Upland. River flowing in the city from east to west, divides it into two parts: the northern (Zadneprove) and south (center). Within the city and its surroundings Dniepr takes several small tributaries in the valleys were stretched streets. Center, the old part of the city, occupies a high rugged strongly left bank of the Dnieper.
History[edit] Medieval origins[edit] Smolensk is among the oldest Russian cities. St. The first foreign writer to mention the city was the Emperor Constantine Porphyrogenitus. Eastern Slavic naming customs. Eastern Slavic naming customs are the traditional ways of determining a person's name in countries influenced by East Slavic linguistic tradition, mainly Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Macedonia, Bulgaria, and Kazakhstan. The standard structure of the full name is the further: The ordering is not as strict in languages other than Russian, Belarusian and Ukrainian. Given first name[edit] As with most cultures, a person has a given name chosen by the parents. First names in East Slavic languages mostly originate from two sources: Orthodox church tradition (which is itself of Greek origin) and native pre-Christian Slavic lexicons, although some also come from Turkic languages. Common male first names[edit] Common female first names[edit] Diminutive forms[edit] Diminutive forms (e.g.
Some common names and their diminutive forms are: Slang forms[edit] In Russian, the following forms may be used as slang forms: Patronymic[edit] [ the name of father ] + suffix -ович (-ovich) (-овна, -ovna for females).