Kronstadt rebellion. The Kronstadt rebellion (Russian: Кронштадтское восстание, tr. Kronshtadtskoye vosstaniye) was a major unsuccessful uprising against the Bolsheviks in the later years of the Russian Civil War. Led by Stepan Petrichenko[1] and consisting of Russian sailors, soldiers and civilians, the rebellion was one of the reasons for Vladimir Lenin's and the Communist Party's decision to loosen its control of the Russian economy by implementing the New Economic Policy (NEP).[2][3] The rebellion originated in Kronstadt, a naval fortress on Kotlin Island in the Gulf of Finland that served as the base of the Russian Baltic Fleet and as a guardpost for the approaches to Petrograd, 55 kilometres (34 mi) away. Economic background[edit] By 1921 the Bolsheviks were winning the Russian Civil War[4] and although foreign troops were beginning to withdraw, Bolshevik leaders continued to keep tight control of the economy through the policy of War Communism.
Petropavlovsk resolution[edit] Diggers. The Diggers were a group of Protestant English agrarian socialists,[2] begun by Gerrard Winstanley as True Levellers in 1649, who became known as Diggers, because of their attempts to farm on common land. Their original name came from their belief in economic equality based upon a specific passage in the Book of Acts.[3][4] The Diggers tried (by "leveling" real property) to reform the existing social order with an agrarian lifestyle based on their ideas for the creation of small egalitarian rural communities. They were one of a number of nonconformist dissenting groups that emerged around this time. Historical background[edit] Government through the King's Privy Council was replaced with a new body called the Council of State, which due to fundamental disagreements within a weakened Parliament was dominated by the Army.
Many people were active in politics, suggesting alternative forms of government to replace the old order. Theory[edit] Practice[edit] St. Little Heath near Cobham[edit] Anti-union violence. Anti-union violence may take the form of bullying of or aggression against union organisers or sympathisers in the workplace, or outside the workplace. It may happen at the instigation of management, may be committed by agents hired or recruited by management, or by government bodies or others sympathetic to management's aims. Anti-union violence may occur with specific goals in mind, such as influencing a vote on unionization, eliminating an existing union, or in connection with a labor dispute or strike.
Violence against unions may be isolated, or may occur as part of a campaign that includes spying, intimidation, impersonation, disinformation, and sabotage.[1] Violence in labor disputes may be the result of unreasonable polarization, or miscalculation. It may be willful and provoked, or senseless and tragic. Incidents of violence during periods of labor unrest are sometimes perceived differently by different parties. History[edit] Espionage is closely related to violence. The U.S. Baldwin–Felts Detective Agency. The Baldwin–Felts Detective Agency was a private detective agency in the United States. Today it is most remembered for its violent confrontations with labor union members in such places as the Pocahantas Coal Field region of West Virginia, the Paint Creek-Cabin Creek strike of 1912 in West Virginia, and in Ludlow, Colorado leading up to the Ludlow Massacre.
Formation of the agency[edit] The agency was founded in the early 1890s by William Gibbony Baldwin as the Baldwin Detective Agency. Baldwin, the senior member of the firm, was a native of Tazewell County, Virginia. An avid reader of detective novels in his youth, Baldwin was a small storekeeper in his early days. He then studied dentistry, but left that profession in order to become a detective. Thomas Lafayette Felts was a native of Galax, Virginia, who was educated as a lawyer and was a member of the Virginia Bar Association. Matewan Massacre[edit] Other activities[edit] Send troops to the County of Carroll at once. See also[edit] Mozilla Firefox. COINTELPRO (an acronym for COunter INTELligence PROgram) was a series of covert, and at times illegal,[1][2] projects conducted by the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) aimed at surveying, infiltrating, discrediting, and disrupting domestic political organizations.[3] National Security Agency operation Project MINARET targeted the personal communications of leading civil rights leaders, Americans who criticized the Vietnam War, including Senators (e.g., Frank Church and Howard Baker), journalists, and athletes.[4][5] The official COINTELPRO label took place between 1956 and 1971.[6][7] The FBI's stated motivation was "protecting national security, preventing violence, and maintaining the existing social and political order.
"[8] FBI Director J. History[edit] The FBI engaged in the political repression of "communism" almost from the time of the agency's inception in 1908, at a time of widespread social disruption due to anarchists and labor movements. Program exposed[edit] Mozilla Firefox. Teapot with Actresses, Vezzi porcelain factory, Venice, c. 1725. The Vezzi brothers were involved in a series of incidents of industrial espionage. It was these actions that led to the secret of manufacturing Meissen porcelain becoming widely known. Industrial espionage, economic espionage or corporate espionage is a form of espionage conducted for commercial purposes instead of purely national security.[1] Economic espionage is conducted or orchestrated by governments and is international in scope, while industrial or corporate espionage is more often national and occurs between companies or corporations.
Competitive intelligence and economic or industrial espionage[edit] "Competitive intelligence" levels out two scenarios of description as the legal and ethical activity of systematically gathering, analyzing and managing information on industrial competitors becomes beneficial. Forms of economic and industrial espionage[edit] Target industries[edit] Information theft and sabotage[edit] Mozilla Firefox. The William J. Burns International Detective Agency was a private detective agency in the United States, which was operated by William J. Burns. Wheatland Hop Riot[edit] The Burns Agency was hired to track down Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) organizers in the aftermath of the Wheatland Hop Riot.[1] Labor suppression in Arizona[edit] Burns agents infiltrated the Industrial Workers of the World during an organizing drive in the copper mines of Arizona. Teapot Dome scandal[edit] Agents of the Burns Detective Agency were hired to "investigate" jurors in a federal trial of Harry F.
See also[edit] References[edit] Jump up ^ Industrial relations: Final report and testimony, submitted To Congress by the Commission on industrial relations created by the act of August, 23, 1912, Volume 5, United States. Mozilla Firefox. Corporations Auxiliary Company was a corporation created to conduct "the administration of industrial espionage",[1] essentially, providing labor spies who could propagandize, sabotage, or act as goons in exchange for payment. In 1921 the Corporations Auxiliary Company was known to masquerade under a dozen different names, and specialized at electing its agents to union office in order to control or destroy unions.[2] Business model[edit] In 1903, Corporations Auxiliary Company, which operated out of the Chamber of Commerce building in Cleveland, sent a letter signed by that company's vice president to the D.R.
Whiton Machine Company of New London, Connecticut, offering to supply labor spies for that company. The company offered to furnish "union or non-union men, American Federation of Labor men, or any other class of men desired. Other services could not be written down, the letter stated, but a phone call would follow. Union busting methods[edit] Spying and propaganda practices[edit]
Mozilla Firefox. The Sherman Service Company was based primarily in Eastern cities of the United States. While it aimed to "render service in bettering industrial relationships", in 1919 its advisory director, R.V. Phillips, was indicted in Cook County, Illinois, on the criminal charge of trying to incite a riot, and for "fraudulent and malicious intent to unlawfully, willfully and with malice aforethought kill and murder divers [sic] large numbers of persons.
"[1] The Sherman Service Company was known to buy pages of the New York Times to proclaim its doctrines of harmony in industry, while its clout with the government was such that its employees were exempted from the military draft.[2] Criminal indictment[edit] The Sherman Service Company of Chicago was hired by Illinois Steel Company during a strike. The goal was to convince the Serbians that the Italians were getting their jobs, and to "start them, angry, towards the gates behind which was the ammunition to shoot them down like dogs Mr. Mr. Mr.