Lot (biblical person) Lot (Hebrew: לוֹט, Modern Lot Tiberian Lôṭ ; "veil" or "covering"[1]) is a person mentioned in the biblical Book of Genesis chapters 11–14 and 19. Notable episodes in his life include his travels with his uncle Abram (Abraham), his flight from the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah, during which Lot's wife became a pillar of salt, and the seduction by his daughters so that they could bear children. Lot and his father Haran were born and raised in Ur of the Chaldees (Genesis 11:28,31) in the region of Sumeria on the Euphrates River of lower Mesopotamia, roughly four thousand years ago.[4] Haran died in that land before his father Terah. (Genesis 11:28) After dwelling in the land of Canaan for a little while, there was a famine, and they journeyed further south into Egypt. Genesis 13 discusses Abram and Lot's return to Canaan after the famine had passed and the lands became fertile again.
An account of Lot and his daughters in Genesis 19:30-38. Maria Luisa of Parma. Maria Luisa of Parma (9 December 1751 – 2 January 1819) was Queen consort of Spain from 1788 to 1808 as the wife of King Charles IV of Spain. She was the youngest daughter of Duke Philip of Parma and his wife, Louise-Élisabeth of France, the eldest daughter of King Louis XV. Biography[edit] The family of the Duke of Parma. As there was no queen in Spain at that time, María Luisa became the first lady in precedence at the court from the beginning of her residence there. Her husband was the son and heir of the widowed Charles III of Spain, previously Duke of Parma and King of Naples and Sicily.
His wife, Maria Amalia of Saxony (aunt of the Duke of Burgundy), had died in 1760 having been Queen of Spain for just a year. María Luisa was often described by contemporaries as ugly (albeit pretty in her youth), vicious, and coarse, but thoroughly in control of the king. In 1792, the Order of Queen Maria Luisa was founded on her suggestion, an order that was given only to women. Issue[edit] Notes[edit] La Leocadia. La Leocadia (Spanish: Doña Leocadia) or The Seductress (Spanish: Una Manola)[1] are names given to a mural by the Spanish artist Francisco Goya (1746–1828), completed sometime between 1819–23, as one of his series of 14 "Black Paintings".
It shows a woman commonly identified as Goya's maid, companion and, most likely lover, Leocadia Weiss. She is dressed in a dark, almost funeral maja dress, and leans against what is either a mantelpiece or burial mound, as she looks outward at the viewer with a sorrowful expression. Leocadia is one of the final of the "Black Paintings", which he painted in his seventies at a time when he was consumed by political, physical and psychological turmoil, after he fled to the country from his position as court painter in Madrid.
Background[edit] Quinta del Sordo, c. 1900 Between 1819 and 1823, before he moved to Bordeaux in 1824, he produced a series of 14 works, which he painted with oils directly onto the walls of his Spanish house. Description[edit] Black Paintings. The Black Paintings (Spanish: Pinturas negras) is the name given to a group of fourteen paintings by Francisco Goya from the later years of his life, likely between 1819 and 1823. They portray intense, haunting themes, reflective of both his fear of insanity and his bleak outlook on humanity. In 1819, at the age of 72, Goya moved into a two-story house outside Madrid that was called Quinta del Sordo (Deaf Man's Villa). Although the house had been named after the previous owner, who was deaf, Goya too was nearly deaf at the time as a result of an illness he had suffered when he was 46.
The paintings originally were painted as murals on the walls of the house, being transferred onto canvas in 1874. Currently they are held in the Museo del Prado in Madrid. After the Napoleonic Wars and the internal turmoil of the changing Spanish government, Goya developed an embittered attitude toward mankind. He had a first-hand and acute awareness of panic, terror, fear and hysteria. Themes[edit] The Disasters of War.
Plate 3: Lo mismo (The same). A man about to cut off the head of a soldier with an axe.[1] Plate 34: Por una navaja (For a clasp knife). A priest tied to a stake grasps a cross in his hands. Pinned to his chest is a description of the crime for which he will be killed—possession of a knife. The Disasters of War (Spanish: Los Desastres de la Guerra) are a series of 82[a 1] prints created between 1810 and 1820 by the Spanish painter and printmaker Francisco Goya (1746–1828). The name by which the series is known today is not Goya's own. Historical background[edit] Napoleon I of France declared himself First Consul of the French Republic on 18 February 1799, and was crowned Emperor in 1804.
In The Third of May 1808, along with its companion work The Second of May 1808, Goya sought to commemorate Spanish resistance to Napoleon's armies during the occupation of 1808.[10] Both were produced in 1814, while the print series was in progress. Plates[edit] War[edit] Famine[edit] Illness and experiments. Charles IV of Spain and His Family. Charles IV of Spain. Charles IV (Spanish: Carlos Antonio Pascual Francisco Javier Juan Nepomuceno Jose Januario Serafin Diego; 11 November 1748 – 20 January 1819) was King of Spain from 14 December 1788, until his abdication on 19 March 1808. Early life[edit] Charles was the second son of Charles III and his wife Maria Amalia of Saxony. He was born in Naples (11 November 1748), while his father was King of the Two Sicilies.
His elder brother Don Felipe was passed over for both thrones, because he had learning disabilities and was epileptic. In Naples and Sicily, Charles was referred to as the Prince of Taranto.[1] He was called "El Cazador" (translation: the Hunter), due to his preference for sport and hunting rather than dealing with affairs of the state. Charles was considered by many to have been amiable, but simple-minded.[2] Reign[edit] Charles IV of Spain In 1788, Charles III died and Charles IV succeeded to the throne. Abdication[edit] Later life and death[edit] Character[edit] Marriage and children[edit] French Revolution. The French Revolution (French: Révolution française) was an influential period of social and political upheaval in France that lasted from 1789 until 1799.
Inspired by liberal and radical ideas, the Revolution profoundly altered the course of modern history, triggering the global decline of theocracies and absolute monarchies while replacing them with republics and democracies. Through the Revolutionary Wars, it unleashed a wave of global conflicts that extended from the Caribbean to the Middle East. Historians widely regard the Revolution as one of the most important events in human history.[1] External threats closely shaped the course of the Revolution. The Revolutionary Wars beginning in 1792 ultimately featured French victories that facilitated the conquest of the Italian Peninsula, the Low Countries and most territories west of the Rhine – achievements that had eluded previous French governments for centuries.
The modern era has unfolded in the shadow of the French Revolution. Josefa Bayeu. Francisco Bayeu y Subías. Bayeu, Francisco ~ Olympus The Fall of the Giants, 1764, Museo del Prado, Madrid.jpg Francisco Bayeu y Subias (9 March 1734 – 4 August 1795) was an Aragonese painter, active in a Neoclassic style, whose main subjects were religious and historical themes. Born in Zaragoza, Aragon, he received a broad childhood education. His initial art studies were with a local master, José Luzán[1] and Antonio González Velázquez.
He then moved to Madrid, winning a scholarship with the painting of the ‘’Tyranny of Gerion’’ to study in the Academia Real de Bellas Artes de San Fernando. The death of his parents and the care of his brothers forced him to return to Zaragoza, until he was recalled by Anton Raphael Mengs to help decorate the Royal Palace of Madrid. In later years, one of his colleagues was Francisco Goya, who married his sister, Josefa Bayeu. His brothers Ramón and Manuel Bayeu were also painters. References[edit] External links[edit] File:Francisco de Goya - Retrato de Martín Zapater.jpg. Francisco Goya. Biography[edit] Early years[edit] Francisco de Goya -supposed self-portrait Goya was born in Fuendetodos, Aragón, Spain, on 30 March 1746 to José Benito de Goya y Franque and Gracia de Lucientes y Salvador.
His family lived in a home bearing the family crest of his mother. His father, who was of Basque origin, earned his living as a gilder.[5] About 1749, the family bought a house in the city of Saragossa and some years later moved into it; Goya may have attended school at Escuelas Pias. He then relocated to Rome, where in 1771 he won second prize in a painting competition organized by the City of Parma. Goya married Bayeu's sister Josefa (he nicknamed her "Pepa") on 25 July 1773. Mid-career[edit] In 1783, the Count of Floridablanca, a favorite of Charles III of Spain, commissioned Goya to paint his portrait. Goya received orders from many of the Spanish nobility. Later years[edit] French forces invaded Spain in 1808, leading to the Peninsular War of 1808–1814. Work[edit] Maja[edit]