Mexican Agricultural Program Begins the Green Revolution. The Mexican Agricultural Program In 1940, Henry A. Wallace had just been elected Vice President after serving as Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt's Secretary of Agriculture. There was also a new president of Mexico, Ávila Comacho, and FDR sent Wallace as "Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary" to attend the Mexican inauguration. Wallace was an old plant breeder, and he had a little time before taking over his new job in Washington. So, Wallace drove his own Plymouth around the Mexico so that he could "get out and look at some corn if I feel like it.
" There was the Rockefeller Foundation. Wallace knew Nelson Rockefeller and many of the program officers at the foundation. The new Mexican government, on the other hand, was interested in a program that would help move the economy into the Industrial Age. In 1943, the Rockefeller Foundation worked out an agreement with the Mexican government and the Mexican Agricultural Program (MAP) was established. Yields. Research methods. Diffusion. AAAS - The World's Largest General Scientific Society. Mexican Agricultural Program. The Mexican Agricultural Program (MAP) was an effort during the 1940's through the 1970's to increase food production and to industrialize agriculture in Mexico, through crop breeding and increased use of fertilizer, pesticides, and irrigation. It was a joint effort by the Rockefeller Foundation and the Mexican government.
Later, the MAP program was spread to poor countries around the world and renamed the Green Revolution. MAP was the subject of critique from the start as it increased inequality, decreased agrobiodiversity, and generated environmental problems in Mexico. Early History: Through 1950 The Idea Dr. Henry A. Planning Following the meeting with Wallace in 1941, the Rockefeller Foundation sent a team of scientists on a scouting mission to Mexico: Dr.
"The observations by Stakman, Bradfield, and Manglesdorf of Mexican agriculture demonstrated their fundamental belief in the importance of scientific agriculture. Research Stations Corn Wheat Sorghum Training Mexican Scientists Barley. Historical Expeditions / Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. Soldiers have enough of a battle fighting enemies they can see, but during World War II, an unseen foe plagued many. The frequent movement of troops and specific types of botanical environments led to a rapid spread of Typhus – a disease transmitted to humans by mites infected with the micro-organism Rickettsia. On December 8, 1942, President Franklin D. Roosevelt released Executive Order 9285 creating the United States of America Typhus Commission (USATC) “for the purpose of protecting the members of the armed forces from typhus’ fever” and to “arrange for the analysis, study and publication of scientific data obtained in [the] field.”
Typhus testing of GI's. Under the direction of Brigadier General Leon A. Fox and Dr. Gervasi E. Juan also considered the British Typhus Commission’s hypothesis “that mites were confined to strands of elephant grass.” Juan and his crew were responsible for sending over 3,000 plant specimens to the Smithsonian Institution. References: DDT |Persistent Bioaccumulative and Toxic (PBT) Chemical Program. Note: EPA no longer updates this information, but it may be useful as a reference or resource. What is DDT? Prior to 1972 when its use was banned, DDT was a commonly used pesticide. Although it is no longer used or produced in the United States, we continue to find DDT in our environment. Other parts of the world continue to use DDT in agricultural practices and in disease-control programs. Therefore, atmospheric deposition is the current source of new DDT contamination in our Great Lakes.
DDT, and its break-down products DDE and DDD, are persistent, bioacculumative, and toxic (PBT) pollutants target by EPA. Why Are We Concerned About DDT? Even though DDT has been banned since 1972, it can take more than 15 years to break down in our environment. What harmful effects can DDT have on us? Probable human carcinogen Damages the liver Temporarily damages the nervous system Reduces reproductive success Can cause liver cancer Damages reproductive system How are we exposed to DDT? DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) E X T O X N E TExtension Toxicology Network A Pesticide Information Project of Cooperative Extension Offices of Cornell University, Michigan State University, Oregon State University, and University of California at Davis. Major support and funding was provided by the USDA/Extension Service/National Agricultural Pesticide Impact Assessment Program. Trade or other names include Anofex, Cesarex, Chlorophenothane, Dedelo, p,p'-DDT, Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, Dinocide, Didimac, Digmar, ENT 1506, Genitox, Guesapon, Guesarol, Gexarex, Gyron, Hildit, Ixodex, Kopsol, Neocid, OMS 16, Micro DDT 75, Pentachlorin, Rukseam, R50 and Zerdane (1, 3).
DDT is no longer registered for use in the United States, although it is still used in other (primarily tropical) countries. It is in EPA Toxicity Class II, moderately toxic (2). DDT is an organochlorine insecticide used mainly to control mosquito-borne malaria; use on crops has generally been replaced by less persistent insecticides (1). Peruvian Amazon Company. The Peruvian Amazon Company, also called the Anglo-Peruvian Amazon Rubber Co,[1] was a notorious rubber boom company that operated in Peru in the late 1800s and early 1900s. The Arana Brothers company merged with the PAC in the early 1900s.[1] Julio César Arana ran the company in Peru.[2] It also had a British Board of Directors, which included Sir J. Lister Kaye.[3] The company operated in the area of the Putumayo river,[2] a river that flows from the Andes to join the Amazon River deep in the tropical jungle. This area was contested at the time between Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, while also being inhabited by large numbers of indigenous people.[1] Among the findings by the various investigatory parties were wide spread debt bondage, slavery, torture, mutilation, and many other crimes in the Amazonian Rubber industry, with Putumayo area being but one example.
The company was forced into closure by a judge in 1913.[2] References[edit] ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Walter Alison Phillips (1922).