Illusion. An illusion is a distortion of the senses, revealing how the brain normally organizes and interprets sensory stimulation. Though illusions distort reality, they are generally shared by most people.[1] Illusions may occur with any of the human senses, but visual illusions (optical illusions), are the most well-known and understood.
The emphasis on visual illusions occurs because vision often dominates the other senses. For example, individuals watching a ventriloquist will perceive the voice is coming from the dummy since they are able to see the dummy mouth the words.[2] Some illusions are based on general assumptions the brain makes during perception. These assumptions are made using organizational principles (e.g., Gestalt theory), an individual's capacity for depth perception and motion perception, and perceptual constancy. Other illusions occur because of biological sensory structures within the human body or conditions outside of the body within one’s physical environment. Associationism.
This article is about the psychological concept. For the Utopian socialist economic theory, see Fourierism History[edit] Some of the ideas of the Associationist School anticipated the principles of conditioning and its use in behavioral psychology.[1] See also[edit] [edit] ^ Jump up to: a b Boring, E. External links[edit] Universalization. Universalization. In social work practice universalisation[1] is a supportive intervention used by the therapist to reassure and encourage his/her client. Universalisation places the client’s experience in the context of other individuals who are experiencing the same, or similar challenges, and seeks to help the client grasp that his/her feelings and experiences are not uncommon given the circumstances.
The therapist or social worker using this supportive intervention intends to “normalize” the client’s experience of his/her emotions and reactions to the presenting challenge. By normalising the client’s experience the therapist is attempting to help avert the client’s natural feelings of “being alone”, or that “no one understands me”. For example, a therapist working with a 21-year-old client who is experiencing rejection from her family and friends after admitting that she is a lesbian will use universalisation. Universalisation (Cosmopolitanism)[edit] References[edit] Salvation. Salvation (Latin salvatio; Greek sōtēria; Hebrew yeshu'ah) is being saved or protected from harm[1] or being saved or delivered from some dire situation.[2] In religion, salvation is stated as the saving of the soul from sin and its consequences.[3] The academic study of salvation is called soteriology. Meaning[edit] Abrahamic religions[edit] Judaism[edit] In contemporary Judaism, redemption (Hebrew ge'ulah), refers to God redeeming the people of Israel from their various exiles.[6] This includes the final redemption from the present exile.[7] Judaism holds that adherents do not need personal salvation as Christians believe.
Jews do not subscribe to the doctrine of Original sin.[8] Instead, they place a high value on individual morality as defined in the law of God — embodied in what Jews know as the Torah or The Law, given to Moses by God on Mount Sinai, the summary of which is comprised in the Ten Commandments. Christianity[edit] Islam[edit] Tawhid[edit] Sin and repentance[edit] See also[edit] Nature. Nature, in the broadest sense, is equivalent to the natural, physical, or material world or universe. "Nature" refers to the phenomena of the physical world, and also to life in general.
It ranges in scale from the subatomic to the cosmic. The study of nature is a large part of science. Although humans are part of nature, human activity is often understood as a separate category from other natural phenomena. Within the various uses of the word today, "nature" often refers to geology and wildlife. Earth[edit] Main articles: Earth and Earth science View of the Earth, taken in 1972 by the Apollo 17astronaut crew. The atmospheric conditions have been significantly altered from the original conditions by the presence of life-forms,[7] which create an ecological balance that stabilizes the surface conditions.
Geology[edit] Geology is the science and study of the solid and liquid matter that constitutes the Earth. Geological evolution[edit] Historical perspective[edit] Water on Earth[edit] Media: Nirvana. Nirvāṇa (/nɪərˈvɑːnə, -ˈvænə, nər-/;[2] Sanskrit: निर्वाण; Pali: निब्बान nibbāna ; Prakrit: णिव्वाण) literally means "blown out", as in a candle.[3] It is most commonly associated with Buddhism. [web 1] In Indian religions, the attainment of nirvana is moksha,[note 1] liberation from samsara, the repeating cycle of birth, life and death.[6][note 2] Etymology[edit] The word nirvāṇa is from the verbal root √vā 'blow' in the form of past participle vāna 'blown'; prefixed with the preverb nis which means 'out'. Hence the original meaning of the word is 'blown out, extinguished'. Folk etymologies[edit] ni (nir, nis, nih): out, away from, without, a term that is used to negatevā: blowing as in blowing of the wind and also as smelling[8]na: nor, never, do not, did not, should not[9] Vana is forest in/of the forest/forests; composed of flowers and other items of the forest.,[9] but vana has both phones van and va.
Abhidharma[edit] Origins[edit] Jainism[edit] Buddhism[edit] Bhikkhu Bodhi states: Love. For information about showing love on Wikipedia, see WP:LOVE and WP:♥. Love in its various forms acts as a major facilitator of interpersonal relationships and, owing to its central psychological importance, is one of the most common themes in the creative arts.[8] Love may be understood as a function to keep human beings together against menaces and to facilitate the continuation of the species.[9] Definitions The word "love" can have a variety of related but distinct meanings in different contexts. Many other languages use multiple words to express some of the different concepts that in English are denoted as "love"; one example is the plurality of Greek words for "love" which includes agape and eros.[10] Cultural differences in conceptualizing love thus doubly impede the establishment of a universal definition.[11] Although the nature or essence of love is a subject of frequent debate, different aspects of the word can be clarified by determining what isn't love (antonyms of "love").
Love of God. Love of God can mean either love for God or love by God. Love for God (philotheia) is associated with the concepts of piety, worship, and devotions towards God.[1] Love by God for human beings (philanthropia) is lauded in Lamentations 3:22: "The steadfast love of God endures all the day"; Psalm 52:8: "I trust in the steadfast love of God forever and ever"; Romans 8:39: "Nor height nor depth, nor anything else in all creation, will be able to separate us from the love of God"; 2 Corinthians 13:14: "The grace of the Lord Jesus Christ and the love of God and the fellowship of the Holy Spirit be with you all"; 1 John 4:9: "In this the love of God was made manifest among us, that God sent his only Son into the world, so that we might live through him"; etc. The Greek term agape is applied both to the love that human beings have for God and to the love that God has for man.[8] Bahá'í Faith[edit] Christianity[edit] Greek polytheism[edit] The Greek "philotheos" and "theophilos"[edit] Hinduism[edit]