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APA Formatting and Style Guide. Note: This page reflects the latest version of the APA Publication Manual (i.e., APA 7), which released in October 2019.

APA Formatting and Style Guide

The equivalent resource for the older APA 6 style can be found here. Reference citations in text are covered on pages 261-268 of the Publication Manual. What follows are some general guidelines for referring to the works of others in your essay. Note: On pages 117-118, the Publication Manual suggests that authors of research papers should use the past tense or present perfect tense for signal phrases that occur in the literature review and procedure descriptions (for example, Jones (1998) found or Jones (1998) has found...).

Contexts other than traditionally-structured research writing may permit the simple present tense (for example, Jones (1998) finds). Avoiding plagiarism, self-plagiarism, and other questionable writing practices: A guide to ethical writing. Find, Read, & Cite Journal Articles. Other useful links: Basics Tutorial (w/audio), APA Style 6th Ed.

Find, Read, & Cite Journal Articles

Annotated Sample Paper, APA Style 6th Ed. (PDF) Summary Guidelines for Unbiased Language, APA Style 6th Ed. (PDF) Language Use for Gender,APA Style 6th Ed. (PDF) Language Use for Sexual Orientation,APA Style 6th Ed. (PDF) Purchase your own APA Publication Manual Writing Empirical Papers: Beginners Writing Empirical Papers: Advanced (PDF) - for use by students who have learned the basics about empirical papers. Finding articles: Searching PSYCHINFO Access the PSYCHINFO (and full-text PsycArticles if available) database through your library's web site (e.g., Trexler Library). Son of Citation Machine. Plagiarism. Frequently Asked Questions. Avoiding Plagiarism.

Summary: There are few intellectual offenses more serious than plagiarism in academic and professional contexts.

Avoiding Plagiarism

This resource offers advice on how to avoid plagiarism in your work. Contributors:Karl Stolley, Allen Brizee, Joshua M. PaizLast Edited: 2014-10-10 09:01:36 Research-based writing in American institutions, both educational and corporate, is filled with rules that writers, particularly beginners, aren't aware of or don't know how to follow. While some rhetorical traditions may not insist so heavily on documenting sources of words, ideas, images, sounds, etc., American academic rhetorical tradition does. (Purdue University students will want to make sure that they are familiar with Purdue's official academic dishonesty policy as well as any additional policies that their instructors have implemented.) Intellectual challenges in American academic writing There are some intellectual challenges that all students are faced with when writing. Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing. It's Here: A new look for the Purdue OWL!

Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing

The new version of the Purdue OWL is available at Worry not! Our navigation menu and content will remain largely the same. In 11 days, we will be discontinuing owl.english.purdue.edu and you will be automatically redirected to the new site. Summary: This handout is intended to help you become more comfortable with the uses of and distinctions among quotations, paraphrases, and summaries. Contributors:Dana Lynn Driscoll, Allen BrizeeLast Edited: 2013-02-15 09:44:45 What are the differences among quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing?

These three ways of incorporating other writers' work into your own writing differ according to the closeness of your writing to the source writing. Quotations must be identical to the original, using a narrow segment of the source. Paraphrasing involves putting a passage from source material into your own words. Summarizing involves putting the main idea(s) into your own words, including only the main point(s). Why Cite? Citing Yourself. If you cite or quote your previous work, treat yourself as the author and your own previous course work as an unpublished paper, as shown in the APA publication manual.

Citing Yourself

For example, if Marie Briggs wanted to cite a paper she wrote at Walden in 2012, her in-text citation might look like this: Briggs (2012) asserted that previous literature on the psychology of tightrope walkers was faulty in that it "presumed that risk-taking behaviors align neatly with certain personality traits or disorders" (p. 4). And in the reference list: