Omega‐3 fatty acids for depression in adults - Appleton, KM - 2021. Dietary Sources of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Versus Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation Effects on Cognition and Inflammation. Omega‐3 fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease - Abdelhamid, AS - 2020. New Cochrane health evidence challenges belief that omega 3 supplements reduce risk of heart disease, stroke or death | Cochrane. New evidence published today shows there is little or no effect of omega 3 supplements on our risk of experiencing heart disease, stroke or death. Omega 3 is a type of fat. Small amounts of omega 3 fats are essential for good health, and they can be found in the food that we eat. The main types of omega 3 fatty acids are; alphalinolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).
ALA is normally found in fats from plant foods, such as nuts and seeds (walnuts and rapeseed are rich sources). EPA and DHA, collectively called long chain omega 3 fats, are naturally found in fatty fish, such as salmon and fish oils including cod liver oil. Increased consumption of omega 3 fats is widely promoted globally because of a common belief that that it will protect against heart disease. A new Cochrane systematic review, published today in the Cochrane Library, combines the results of seventy-nine randomised trials involving 112,059 people.
Cochrane lead author, Dr. Dr. Omega-3 intake for cardiovascular disease | Cochrane. We included 79 RCTs (112,059 participants) in this review update and found that 25 were at low summary risk of bias. Trials were of 12 to 72 months' duration and included adults at varying cardiovascular risk, mainly in high-income countries. Most studies assessed LCn3 supplementation with capsules, but some used LCn3- or ALA-rich or enriched foods or dietary advice compared to placebo or usual diet. Increasing ALA intake probably makes little or no difference to all-cause mortality (RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.20, 19,327 participants; 459 deaths, 5 RCTs), cardiovascular mortality (RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.74 to 1.25, 18,619 participants; 219 cardiovascular deaths, 4 RCTs), and it may make little or no difference to CHD events (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.80 to 1.22, 19,061 participants, 397 CHD events, 4 RCTs, low-quality evidence).
There was no evidence that increasing LCn3 or ALA altered serious adverse events, adiposity or lipids, although LCn3 slightly reduced triglycerides and increased HDL. Recommendations of the Spanish Menopause Society on the consumption of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids by postmenopausal women. Omega-3 fatty acids for depression in adults. Why is this review important? Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterised by depressed mood and/or a markedly decreased pleasure or interest in all activities.
It has negative impacts on the individual and on society, often over the long term. One possible treatment for MDD is n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFAs), also known as omega-3 oils, naturally found in fatty fish, some other seafood and some nuts and seeds. Various lines of evidence suggests that n-3PUFAs may impact on depressive symptoms, but a lot of studies have different findings, making it difficult to draw conclusions. Who will be interested in this review? Health professionals, including general practitioners, mental health and psychiatric specialists; individuals with MDD, more mild or additional depressive disorders; and the people around them.
What questions does this review aim to answer? Which studies were included in the review? What does the evidence from the review tell us? What should happen next? A Review of Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Management of Hypertriglyceridemia: A Focus on High Dose Omega-3 Fatty Acids | SpringerLink. Table 2 summarizes data from clinical studies investigating the effect of each of the three prescription omega-3 fatty acid formulations on TG, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol in patients with hypertriglyceridemia.
However, it should be noted that there is a lack of consistency between placebo groups in these studies; consequently, the results should not be directly compared. Table 2 Change in lipid parameters in patients with high and very high triglycerides with prescription omega-3 fatty acids Several double-blind, placebo-controlled studies have investigated the efficacy of OM3EE 4 g/day in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia [80, 81, 82]. The efficacy of IPE 2 and 4 g/day has been investigated in two double-blind, placebo-controlled, 12-week studies. Three doses of OM3CA (2, 3, and 4 g/day) have been investigated across two double-blind, parallel-group studies.
There are some differences in bioavailability between the three prescription omega-3 fatty acid formulations. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (Fish Oil) Supplementation and the Prevention of Clinical Cardiovascular Disease: A Science Advisory From the American Heart Association | Circulation.