Wisdom. Ability to think and act using knowledge, experience, understanding, common sense and insight Wisdom, sapience, or sagacity is the ability to contemplate and act productively using knowledge, experience, understanding, common sense, and insight.[1] Wisdom is associated with attributes such as unbiased judgment, compassion, experiential self-knowledge, self-transcendence, and non-attachment,[2] and virtues such as ethics and benevolence.[3][4] Wisdom has been defined in many different ways,[2][5][3] and there are several distinct approaches to assessing the characteristics attributed to wisdom.[6][7] Definitions[edit] The Oxford English Dictionary defines wisdom as "Capacity of judging rightly in matters relating to life and conduct; soundness of judgment in the choice of means and ends; sometimes, less strictly, sound sense, esp. in practical affairs: opp. to folly;" also "Knowledge (esp. of a high or abstruse kind); enlightenment, learning, erudition. Mythological perspectives[edit]
Courage. Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. Le courage est un trait de caractère qui permet de surmonter la peur pour faire face à un danger. Le terme peut aussi être employé pour exprimer l'endurance, notamment à l'égard de la douleur. Le courage est à distinguer d'autres notions à connotations plus péjoratives, comme l'audace ou la témérité, pour lesquelles le moteur de l'action n'est pas la peur, mais le désir ou l'orgueil. Le courage authentique requiert l'existence de la peur, ainsi que le surpassement de celle-ci dans l'action.
Lorsque le danger est confronté sans peur, on parle plutôt d'« assurance » ou, de façon plus péjorative, d'inconscience, notamment lorsque le danger est manifestement sous-estimé. Conception platonicienne du courage[modifier | modifier le code] Conception orientale du courage[modifier | modifier le code] Le courage, s’il n’était pas mis au service de la justice, était à peine digne d'être considéré comme une vertu. Références[modifier | modifier le code] Courage. Courage is the choice and willingness to confront agony, pain, danger, uncertainty or intimidation.
Physical courage is courage in the face of physical pain, hardship, death or threat of death, while moral courage is the ability to act rightly in the face of popular opposition, shame, scandal or discouragement. In some traditions, fortitude holds approximately the same meaning. In the Western tradition, notable thoughts on courage have come from philosophers such as Aristotle, Aquinas and Kierkegaard; in the Eastern tradition, some thoughts on courage were offered by the Tao Te Ching.
More recently, courage has been explored by the discipline of psychology. Theories of courage[edit] Western antiquity and the Middle Ages[edit] Ancient Greece[edit] An early Greek philosopher, Plato (c. 428 BCE – c. 348 BCE),[1] set the groundwork for how courage would be viewed to future philosophers. Ancient Rome[edit] Medieval philosophy[edit] According to Thomas Aquinas,[10] Christianity[edit] Modernity[edit] "courage is not the absence of fear but the triumph over it. "
"Courage is not the absence of fear, but rather the judgement that something else is more important than fear" "The brave man is not he who does not feel afraid, but he who conquers that fear" "i learned that courage was not the absence of fear but the triumph over it" "Courage is resistance to fear, mastery of fear, not absence of fear."