Utilities - KeyboardTest - PassMark Software. Convolution and Autocorrelation. Convolution and Autocorrelation Cuthbert Nyack Here the difference between autocorrelation and convolution is illustrated by considering the following function which is a unit ramp cut off at t = 1. The Fourier Transform of the function f(t) is given below. Autocorrelation The autocorrelation function is defined by the following equation. When evaluated the Autocorrelation function results in the following 2 equations. The proceedure for calculating the autocorrelation function is illustrated by the applet below. The Fourier transform of the autocorrelation which is also the POWER SPECTRUM is given by the following equation:- The relation between the fourier transform of the autocorrelation (POWER SPECTRUM) and the transform of f(t) is shown below. Convolution Convolution is defined by the equation below.
Evaluating the integral results in the following 2 equations. The Fourier Transform of the convolution is:- Proceedure for evaluating the integral is shown in the applet below. Cross-correlation - ALGLIB. Cross Correlation. AutoCorrelation -- 2D Pattern Identification Written by Paul Bourke August 1996 Cross correlation is a standard method of estimating the degree to which two series are correlated. Consider two series x(i) and y(i) where i=0,1,2...N-1. The cross correlation r at delay d is defined as Where mx and my are the means of the corresponding series. If the above is computed for all delays d=0,1,2,...N-1 then it results in a cross correlation series of twice the length as the original series. There is the issue of what to do when the index into the series is less than 0 or greater than or equal to the number of points. The range of delays d and thus the length of the cross correlation series can be less than N, for example the aim may be to test correlation at short delays only.
Source code Sample C source to calculate the correlation series with no data wrapping. If the series are considered circular then the source with the same declarations as above might be Example Auto Correlation where. Linearly Independent Vectors. Several vectors are linearly independent if none of them can be expressed as a linear combination of others. a1 = a2 = ··· = an = 0 Linearly independent vectors have different directions and its components are not proportional. Examples 1.Determine whether the vectors are linearly dependent or independent. a (2, 3, 1) + b(1, 0, 1) + c (0, 3, −1) = (0, 0, 0) r = 2 n = 3 Consistent dependent system. The system has infinite solutions, so the vectors are linearly dependent. 2.Demonstrate that = (1, 1, 0) and = (0, 1, 1) are linearly independent vectors and express the vector = (1, 2, 3) as a linear combination of these vectors. The system supports only the trivial solution: Therefore, the three vectors are linearly independent. GMAT Hacks: Three Overlapping Sets.
November 08, 2007 I wrote a few weeks ago that Overlapping Sets are a hot GMAT topic. They don't have to be particularly hard questions, but they fit well into the criteria of what the GMAC is trying to test: mathematical reasoning, without a lot of nuts-and-bolts arithmetic. Some of these questions require nothing more than addition and subtraction. Two Overlapping Sets You've probably see plenty of problems with two overlapping sets. There are three distinct ways of handling these questions, each of which I cover in more detail in Total GMAT Math: A Venn Diagram A table A formula All three represent the same relationships, but have different benefits.
The Overlapping Sets Formula The formula I use is this: Total = Group1 + Group2 - Both + Neither In the example above, 40 is Total, 25 is Group1, 12 is Group2, and 8 is Both. Three Overlapping Sets My focus today, though, is on questions with three overlapping sets. Here's what one of those might look like: The Three Overlapping Sets Formula. Office OneNote 2010: Extract Text From Image [OCR]
OneNote 2010 is one of the best application when it comes to note-taking, it gives a flamboyant look of your notes, includes lots of features; from recording videos to drawing, creating tables, etc. One of its feature which has been overlooked is the ability to recognize text from images. It has inherent OCR (Optical Character Reader), which immediately extract text from any image file format. To start off with, launch OneNote 2010, and drag & drop any image file containing text into OneNote.
Now right-click the image, and select Copy Text from Picture. Paste it anywhere on the OneNote sheet. OneNote has a efficient OCR, but when an image contains very small or concocting text, then it may not extract it properly. You can also checkout Inserting audio & video in OneNote2010. Advertisement. How To Extract Text From Images (OCR) – Windows Only. Back in college, one of my friends asked me to edit one of his crucial end-of-the-year essays, and it didn’t seem like a big deal so I agreed — but then he took a screenshot of the essay and sent that to me rather than sending the document itself.
This, of course, made editing much harder than it needed to be. If only I knew about text-extracting technology back then! These days, you have so many free and effective options when you want to pull the text out of an image instead of typing it all up by hand. Here are the best ones we’ve found. For comparison, we’ll run the image above through each tool and show you what the resulting text turned out to be for accuracy’s sake. Using OneNote OneNote has been one of the best free OCR tools for several years now. Instructions for text extraction: Open any page in OneNote, preferably a blank one.Navigate to Insert > Pictures and select the image file.Right-click the inserted image and select Copy Text from Picture.Paste wherever you want.
Web Hosting Talk - The largest, most influential web hosting community on the Internet. 5 Best Blog Sites Other Than Wordpress and Blogger. The blog of today is quite different from the blog of just a few years ago. Many are into ‘casual blogging’ where a blog post is not just (long) text written out but perhaps just an image or sound clip.
Interested in which of the best blog sites offer alternatives to the big players? Let’s go over some WordPress and Blogger alternatives that you might want to check out. Tumblr Tumblr (also known as a Tumble log) is a widely known blogging service which we have covered here on MakeUseOf before. Tumblr really excels in two areas: so-called “photo blogging” and its sense of community. Tumblr’s community is centered around the follow, like and the reblog. You can import the best blog site posts from a number of other services including Twitter, RSS feeds, or even AOL Instant Messenger. Posterous Posterous is another “microblogging” service like Tumblr. Posts can be imported from any number of sources and will also be “sent out” to Facebook and Twitter.
Twitter Xanga Weebly. Points2shop - Earn Points for Free Rewards. Earn Reward Points and Redeem Them For Free Stuff at Swagbucks. Correct Breathing. Correct Breathing 1. Abdominal Breathing Probably everyone has heard about this one. You lay on your back and inhale air into your stomach. 2. Lay down on your stomach, put your head on your hands or a very flat pillow and inhale air into your stomach. 3.
Lay on your stomach, put your hands along your body, your legs together. These exercises are preparation work for developing a habit of correct breathing and training your diaphragm (same as you would train any other muscle in your body). The next step in your training consists of the exercises for abdominal strength. Irina Yastrebova, Riding Instructor and Trainer. Courses.engr.illinois.edu/ece461/handouts/notes3.pdf. Folk.ntnu.no/htorp/Undervisning/TTK10/IQdemodulation.pdf. Group/cioffi/book/chap2.pdf. UC Berkeley EECS 121 : Introduction to Communication Systems -- Spring 2008. Inst.eecs.berkeley.edu/~ee121/sp08/handouts/lecture16_ece461.pdf.
EE121 Homepage. Upamanyu_madhow solns.pdf - 2shared.com download free files. Download upamanyu_madhow solns.pdf. Normal Distribution. A normal distribution in a variate with mean and variance is a statistic distribution with probability density function on the domain . While statisticians and mathematicians uniformly use the term "normal distribution" for this distribution, physicists sometimes call it a Gaussian distribution and, because of its curved flaring shape, social scientists refer to it as the "bell curve.
" for in the above equation, but then switches to in Feller (1971). de Moivre developed the normal distribution as an approximation to the binomial distribution, and it was subsequently used by Laplace in 1783 to study measurement errors and by Gauss in 1809 in the analysis of astronomical data (Havil 2003, p. 157). The normal distribution is implemented in the Wolfram Language as NormalDistribution[mu, sigma]. The so-called "standard normal distribution" is given by taking and in a general normal distribution. . , so , yielding The normal distribution function where erf is a function sometimes called the error function. "Normalizing" standard deviation between two data sets.
The Normal Distribution. Normal Distribution in Standard Form The fact we need is that We will define the probability distribution As the probability distribution in normal form. The shape of this function is shown below: It can be seen that this is a symmetric curve, with a peak at , and with tails that go into the positive and negative x quadrants. The exponential function is always positive, so that, this distribution, unlike others we have already seen, lives on the whole real axis In order to ensure that this is a normalized distribution, we must have Thus the Normal Distribution in Standard Form is defined to be the function However in order to explore the properties of this function, we will have to understand integrals in which both endpoints are infinite. This will bring us, shortly, to the notion of improper integrals. Normal Distribution (Gaussian Distribution) in General Form We can relate properties of this distribution to properties of the Normal Distribution in Standard form.
How to Download Embedded Flash Files using your Browser. Maybe, history will record Steve Jobs and his famous memo as the first nail in the Flash coffin. From browser crashes to the cool Flash animations we grew up with, the story of Flash has always led to animated debates. But thanks to Flash, the web is a far more interactive place today. HTML5 maybe the new kid on the block and while it is growing up, Flash still holds sway when one thinks of rich animations and advanced interactive games.
Remember, one of the most popular sites today – Facebook – is still having fun with Flash games. It is not even the last giant standing as many online games still run on Flash. Flash animation files are embedded as SWF (Small Web Format) files in webpages. Download Flash Files Using Chrome To download SWF files in Chrome without the express help of any extensions, you have to dive into some of Chrome’s tools that are favored by developers.
Open the Flash video on a Chrome tab and allow it to load completely. Download Flash Files Using Firefox All Done! Landscapes Cities Nature full HD | Wallpapers. Math Software Grades K-3 Review 2011 - TopTenREVIEWS. Walrandpc.eecs.berkeley.edu/126notes.pdf. Portland State University. Sinc Function. The sinc function , also called the "sampling function," is a function that arises frequently in signal processing and the theory of Fourier transforms. The full name of the function is "sine cardinal," but it is commonly referred to by its abbreviation, "sinc. " There are two definitions in common use. The one adopted in this work defines where is the sine function, plotted above. This has the normalization This function is implemented in Mathematica as Sinc[x].
When extended into the complex plane, is illustrated above. An interesting property of is that the set of local extrema of corresponds to its intersections with the cosine function , as illustrated above. The derivative is given by and the indefinite integral by is the sine integral. Woodward (1953), McNamee et al. (1971), and Bracewell (1999, p. 62) adopt the alternative definition The latter definition is sometimes more convenient as a result of its simple normalization, That variant also satisfies the sum of the gamma function (M. Let and that. Www.cis.rit.edu/class/simg713/Lectures/Lecture713-13-4.pdf. Www.berk.tc/combas/digital_mod.pdf. Eb/N0 Explained. From: Steve Liang, Wednesday, July 22, 8:18 a.m. Jim or Phil, Does either of you know where can I find BER vs. Eb/No waterfall plots, Excel spreadsheet even better, for different modulation schemes (BPSK, QPSK, 8PSK, and 16QAM)?
Phil - Does Qualcomm have BER vs. Eb/No data for different modulation schemes and for different Viterbi Turbo Coder rates? Thanks, Steve Liang Sprint Nextel, San Francisco RFE From: Steve Liang, Wednesday, July 22, 2009 2:48 p.m. Thanks, Steve Liang From: Phil Karn, Wednesday, July 22, 3:13 p.m. FEC most definitely does affect the BER vs Eb/N0 plots. Note that "The Viterbi Algorithm" is an algorithm for decoding convolutional codes. A Turbo code is a different kind of code made typically of two small convolutional encoders plus an interleaver. From: Steve Liang, Wednesday, July 22, 2009 7:50 p.m. My EVDO infrastructure provides mobile's Ec/Io measurements. Rb = User data rateW = CDMA carrier bandwith And user data rate will be: And Gives That's just the Shannon limit! Carpal Tunnel Exercise #2. Engineer. Useful bookmarklets for web designers and developers.
Bookmarklets are bookmarks containing snippets of JavaScript code. They can be used to accomplish specific tasks. Web developers can quicken several common operations by using bookmarklets. Best of all, bookmarklets do not slow down your web browser like extensions do. For example, some of these bookmarklets together can effectively substitute the Web Developer Firefox addon (if you crave for them in other browsers). To save these bookmarklets, just right click on the link to the bookmark and save it into your bookmark folder OR drag the bookmarklets to your Bookmarks toolbar. Exception: The first three bookmarklets (first two list elements) are links to pages containing the bookmarklets, as I found them difficult to embed here. To use a bookmarklet, simply right-click on it and choose “Bookmark Link”. Further Bookmarklet resources You might also want to read through these collections of bookmarklets:
How spam mails are generated. XRumer. XRumer is a search engine optimization program, created by BotmasterLabs, that is able to register and post to forums (forum spam) with the aim of boosting search engine rankings. The program is able to bypass security techniques commonly used by many forums and blogs to deter automated spam, such as account registration, client detection, many forms of CAPTCHAs, and e-mail activation before posting.
The program utilises SOCKS and HTTP proxies in an attempt to make it more difficult for administrators to block posts by source IP and features a proxy checking tool to verify the integrity and anonymity of the proxies used. In addition, the software can avoid the suspicions of forum administrators by first registering to make a post in the form of a question which mentions the spam product ("Where can I get...? "), before registering another account to post a spam link which mentions the product. Method of operation[edit] Helper program Hrefer is also included. Defenses[edit] References[edit] Welcome to Ergoweb - Ergonomics Discussion Forum. Altkeyboards : Alternative Keyboards. Geek Culture and The Joy of Tech: pretty much everything you've ever wanted.
Map Any Key to Any Key on Windows 7 / XP / Vista. Download details: Windows Server 2003 Resource Kit Tools. Best Free Anonymous Surfing Service. Best Free Email Client.