A Writer's Guide to Horses. An Equestrian Writer’s Guide by Susan F. Craft In this motorized era the majority of humanity suffers from equestrian amnesia. Consequently finding correct facts about horses, saddles, distances, etc. is increasingly difficult, which explains why the LRG-AF routinely receives requests from authors in desperate need of truthful equestrian knowledge which they can incorporate into their work. Thoughts on equestrian writing by Long Rider authors Jeremy James is a Founding Member of the Long Riders’ Guild. Far be it for me to presume how anyone might tackle such a subject, since we all have our own idiosyncrasies when it comes to what to spout upon the subject of horses, but if there were one suggestion I would advance it would be to stop and think about any piece of received wisdom that people tend to hoy about without further thought.
CuChullaine O’Reilly is a Founding Member of The Long Riders’ Guild, who has spent thirty years studying equestrian travel techniques on every continent. The Writer’s Forensics Blog. Obsidian. Obsidian is a naturally occurring volcanic glass formed as an extrusive igneous rock. It is produced when felsic lava extruded from a volcano cools rapidly with minimum crystal growth. Obsidian is commonly found within the margins of rhyolitic lava flows known as obsidian flows, where the chemical composition (high silica content) induces a high viscosity and polymerization degree of the lava. The inhibition of atomic diffusion through this highly viscous and polymerized lava explains the lack of crystal growth.
Obsidian is hard and brittle; it therefore fractures with very sharp edges, which had been used in the past in cutting and piercing tools, and has been used experimentally as surgical scalpel blades.[4] Origin and properties[edit] Obsidian talus at Obsidian Dome, California ... among the various forms of glass we may reckon Obsian glass, a substance very similar to the stone found by Obsius in Ethiopia.[5] Occurrence[edit] Ancient sources in the Aegean were Melos and Giali.[17]
Feudalism. Feudalism was a set of legal and military customs in medieval Europe that flourished between the 9th and 15th centuries. Broadly defined, it was a system for structuring society around relationships derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labour. Although derived from the Latin word feodum or feudum (fief),[1] then in use, the term feudalism and the system it describes were not conceived of as a formal political system by the people living in the medieval period.
In its classic definition, by François-Louis Ganshof (1944),[2] feudalism describes a set of reciprocal legal and military obligations among the warrior nobility, revolving around the three key concepts of lords, vassals and fiefs.[2] There is also a broader definition, as described by Marc Bloch (1939), that includes not only warrior nobility but all three estates of the realm: the nobility, the clerics and the peasantry bonds of manorialism; this is sometimes referred to as a "feudal society".
Definition. Myths and legends. Fengjian. Fēngjiàn (封建) was the political ideology of the Zhou Dynasty of ancient China. Fengjian was a decentralized system of government,[1] comparable to European feudalism, though recent scholarship has suggested that fengjian lacks some of the fundamental aspects of feudalism. [citation needed] Ranks[edit] The sizes of troops and domains a male noble would command would be determined by his rank of peerage: gong (duke, ch. 公(爵) gōng),hou (marquis or marquess, ch. 侯(爵) hóu),bo (count or earl, ch. While before the Han Dynasty a peer with a place name in his title actually governed that place, it had only been nominally true since.
Four occupations[edit] The four occupations under the Fēngjiàn system were different to those of European feudalism in that people were not born into the specific classes, such that, for example, a son born to a gong craftsman was able to become a part of the shang merchant class, and so on. Zongfa[edit] Historiographic implications[edit] References[edit]