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Central limit theorem - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
In probability theory , the central limit theorem ( CLT ) states that, given certain conditions, the mean of a sufficiently large number of independent random variables , each with finite mean and variance, will be approximately normally distributed . [ 1 ] The central limit theorem has a number of variants. In its common form, the random variables must be identically distributed. In variants, convergence of the mean to the normal distribution also occurs for non-identical distributions, given that they comply with certain conditions. In more general probability theory , a central limit theorem is any of a set of weak-convergence theories.Benford's law - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The distribution of first digits, according to Benford's law. Each bar represents a digit, and the height of the bar is the percentage of numbers that start with that digit. A logarithmic scale bar. Picking a random x position uniformly on this number line, roughly 30% of the time the first digit of the number will be 1.Magician-turned-mathematician uncovers bias in coin flipping
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