T2K scientists confirm neutrinos shift between three interchangeable types. New research has shown that subatomic particles called neutrinos have a previously unseen identity-shifting property.
The results confirm early indications that neutrinos change between different types, or oscillate, in three ways where they had previously only been seen oscillating in two ways. Scientists from the T2K collaboration, which involves Dr Yoshi Uchida and Dr Morgan Wascko from Imperial's Department of Physics, made the announcement at a meeting of the European Physical Society in Stockholm, today. Following the new findings, the researchers are keen to explore whether neutrinos oscillate in a different way to their antimatter particles (called anti-neutrinos). Equal amounts of matter and antimatter were thought to have existed at the start of the universe but now everything that we know is made of ordinary matter. Schrodinger and Heisenberg never imagined seeing this kind of thing! 110, 211302 (2013): Dark-Disk Universe. The Distance Scale of the Universe. Because the universe is expanding, the question of the distance to a very distant galaxy is hard to answer.
It all depends on your point of view. This is the problem of defining a distance in an expanding universe: Two galaxies are near to each other when the universe is only 1 billion years old. The first galaxy emits a pulse of light. The second galaxy does not receive the pulse until the universe is 14 billion years old.