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DDT |Persistent Bioaccumulative and Toxic (PBT) Chemical Program. Note: EPA no longer updates this information, but it may be useful as a reference or resource. What is DDT? Prior to 1972 when its use was banned, DDT was a commonly used pesticide. Although it is no longer used or produced in the United States, we continue to find DDT in our environment. Other parts of the world continue to use DDT in agricultural practices and in disease-control programs.

Therefore, atmospheric deposition is the current source of new DDT contamination in our Great Lakes. DDT, and its break-down products DDE and DDD, are persistent, bioacculumative, and toxic (PBT) pollutants target by EPA. Why Are We Concerned About DDT? Even though DDT has been banned since 1972, it can take more than 15 years to break down in our environment. What harmful effects can DDT have on us? Probable human carcinogen Damages the liver Temporarily damages the nervous system Reduces reproductive success Can cause liver cancer Damages reproductive system How are we exposed to DDT? Vesicular monoamine transporter. Vesicular monoamine transporter. The vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) is a transport protein integrated into the membrane of synaptic vesicles of presynaptic neurons. It acts to transport monoamine neurotransmitters - such as dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine, epinephrine, and histamine - into the vesicles, which release the neurotransmitters into synapses as chemical messages to postsynaptic neurons.

VMATs utilize a proton gradient generated by V-ATPases in vesicle membranes to power monoamine import. Pharmaceutical drugs that target VMATs have possible applications for many conditions, leading to a plethora of biological research. These applications include drug addiction, psychiatric disorders, Parkinson's disease, and other neurological disorders. Many drugs that target VMAT act as inhibitors and alter the kinetics of the protein. Much research regarding the effects of altered VMATs on biological systems is still ongoing. Isoforms[edit] The two VMAT isoforms are: Monoamines[edit] Discovery[edit] Location[edit]

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