Social sciences most frequent biases
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Selection bias is a statistical bias in which there is an error in choosing the individuals or groups to take part in a scientific study . [ 1 ] It is sometimes referred to as the selection effect .
Selection bias - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Survivorship bias - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Survivorship bias is the logical error of concentrating on the people or things that "survived" some process and inadvertently overlooking those that didn't because of their lack of visibility. This can lead to false conclusions in several different ways.Confirmation bias - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Confirmation bias (also called confirmatory bias , myside bias or verification bias ) is a tendency of people to favor information that confirms their beliefs or hypotheses . [ Note 1 ] [ 1 ] People display this bias when they gather or remember information selectively, or when they interpret it in a biased way .
Illusory correlation is the phenomenon of seeing the relationship one expects in a set of data even when no such relationship exists.
Illusory correlation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. La corrélation illusoire , ou corrélation trompeuse , est un biais cognitif qui consiste à percevoir une corrélation entre deux évènements qui n'existe pas ou qui est bien moins exagérée en réalité. Ce phénomène de psychologie sociale a été mis en évidence en 1967 par deux psychologues américains, Chapman et Chapman [ 1 ] .
Corrélation illusoire - Wikipédia
Hindsight , also known as the knew-it-all-along effect or creeping determinism , is the inclination to see events that have already occurred as being more predictable than they were before they took place. [ 1 ] It is a multifaceted phenomenon that can affect different stages of designs, processes, contexts, and situations. [ 2 ] Hindsight bias may cause memory distortion, where the recollection and reconstruction of content can lead to false theoretical outcomes.
Hindsight bias - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Un article de Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre. En psychologie du raisonnement , le biais rétrospectif ou biais du professionnel désigne la tendance à juger a posteriori qu'un événement était probable ou prévisible, alors même que ce n'était pas le cas avant qu'il ait eu lieu.
